Canis aureus, Canis lupus ve Vulpes vulpes’in Y–kromozomu’ndaki Zfy final intron bölgesi’nde genetik varyasyon ve üç kanid türünün örnekleri için cinsiyet tayini

Öz

Doğada dişi ve erkeklerin oranı, memeli popülasyonları üzerindeki geçmiş ekolojik etkilerin bir sonucu olabilir ve memeli türlerinin evrimsel tarihi, demografisi ve davranışları hakkında değerli bilgiler sağlayabilir. Üç kanid türüne (Türkiye'den Canis aureus, C. lupus ve Vulpes vulpes ve İran'dan V. vulpes) ait karayollarında ölü bulunmuş örneklerin cinsiyetini belirlemeyi ve Y–kromozomu üzerindeki Zfy final intron bölgesinin dizi analizini yaparak üç tür içinde ve arasında genetik varyasyon olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçladık. Zfx ve Zfy genleri için spesifik bir primer çifti kullanılarak 109 kanid örneğinde cinsiyet belirleme testi yapıldığında, erkeklerde iki spesifik DNA bandı, dişilerde ise bir DNA bandı tespit edildi. Erkeklerin oranı dişilere göre nispeten daha düşüktü. Bu sonuç, bant desenleri açısından dişiler ve erkekler arasında açıkça farklılıklar olduğunu gösterdi. V. vulpes, C. aureus ve C. lupus için kısmi olarak Zfy final intron bölgesinin dizi analizini de gerçekleştirdik; türler için dizi uzunluğu sırasıyla 539 bç, 546 bç ve 562 bç’idi. Kısmi olarak elde edilen Zfy dizileri birlikte analiz edildiğinde, her kanid türünün dizileri arasında herhangi bir varyasyon yoktu ve üç tür arasında hiçbir haplotip paylaşılmadı. Kısmi dizilenen Zfy final intron bölgesi, yüksek oranda korunduğu için türlerin örnekleme alanları boyunca her bir tür için filocoğrafik yapı gözlemlenmemiştir. Bu sonuç, kanid türlerinin dağılış alanları boyunca Y kromozomu’ndaki genetik varyasyonu muhtemelen homojenleştirmiş olan geniş bir erkek tabanlı dağılımı nedeniyle gen akışından kaynaklanmış olabilir. Filogenetik ağaçta, Canis türleri bir arada kümelenmiş olup Vulpes türleri bazal pozisyonda gruplanmıştır. Bu sonuç, daha önceki çalışmalarla uyumludur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Canis aureus
• C. lupus
• Iran
• Türkiye
• Vulpes vulpes
• Y-kromozomu
• Zfy final intron bölgesi

Genetic variation in Zfy final intron region on Y-chromosome of Canis aureus, Canis lupus and Vulpes vulpes and sex-determination for samples of three canid species

Öz

The proportion of females and males in the wild can be a result of past ecological impacts on mammalian populations, and it can offer valuable insights into the evolutionary history, demographics, and behavior of mammalian species. We aimed to determine sex of road-killed samples belonging to three canid species (Canis aureus, C. lupus and Vulpes vulpes from Türkiye, and V. vulpes from Iran), and to reveal whether there was genetic variation within and among three species by sequencing the Zfy final intron region on Y–chromosome. When sex-determination testing was performed on 109 canid samples using a specific primer pair for the Zfx and Zfy genes, two specific DNA bands were detected in males while one DNA band was detected in females. The ratio of males was relatively lower than females. This indicated that there were clearly differences between females and males in terms of the band patterns. We also sequenced partially the Zfy final intron region for V. vulpes, C. aureus and C. lupus; 539 bp, 546 bp and 562 bp, respectively. When analyzed together the partial Zfy sequences, there was no variation among the sequences of each canid species and no haplotype was shared among three species. No phylogeographic structure was observed for each species throughout the sampling areas due to the partial Zfy final intron region highly being conserved. This might be resulted from gene flow due to an extensive male-biased dispersal presumably have homogenized the genetic variation in the Y–chromosome throughout the distributional areas of the canid species. In phylogenetic tree, the Canis species were clustered together and the Vulpes species were grouped in basale position and this was compatible with previous studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Canis aureus
• C. lupus
• Iran
• Türkiye
• Vulpes vulpes
• Y-chromosome
• Zfy final intron region

Kaynakça

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