Dünya çapında Verbascum türlerinin etnobotanik, fitokimyasal ve biyolojik aktivite ilişkilerine genel bakış

Öz

Verbascum türleri dünya çapında sıklıkla kullanılan önemli tıbbi bitkilerdir. Bu çalışmada, Verbascum türlerinin doğal olarak yayılış gösterdiği ülkelerde yapılan etnobotanik çalışmaları inceleyerek bu türlerin tıbbi, veterinerlik ve diğer kullanımlarını derlemek amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye, İtalya, Pakistan, İspanya, Irak, İran, Bosna-Hersek, Hindistan, Pakistan, Sırbistan, Afganistan, Özbekistan ve ABD’de yapılan etnobotanik çalışmalar PubMed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Google Akademik ve Türkiye Ulusal Tez Merkezi gibi veri tabanları üzerinden standart anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Hakemli dergilerde yayınlanan makaleler, kongre bildirileri ve tezler (gri literatür) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. 110 etnobotanik çalışmadan bilimsel ve yerel adları, kullanılan kısımları, hazırlama ve uygulama yöntemleri elde edilmiştir. En çok atıf yapılan bitki türleri, ülkeler, amaçları ve bitki kısımları belirlenmiştir. Toplam 46 Verbascum türünün halk hekimliğinde kullanılan tıbbi bitki olduğu bulunmuştur. En çok atıfa sahip türler V. thapsus, V. cheiranthifolium, V. speciosum, V. sinuatum, V. phlomoides ve V. lasianthum’dur. En sık atıfta bulunulan ülkeler ise Türkiye, İtalya, Pakistan, İspanya, Irak, Bosna-Hersek ve Hindistan’dır. Tıbbi bitkilerin en sık kullanılan kısımlarının %38 oranında çiçekler ve %36 oranında yapraklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hazırlama ve uygulama yöntemi genellikle solunum yolu hastalıklarında demleme ve kaynatma şeklinde dahili kullanım olup, hemoroid ve yaralar için lapa, toz olarak serpme, doğrudan uygulama gibi harici yöntemler de kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, etnobotanikte kullanımlarını değerlendirmek için en çok atıfta bulunulan bitkilerin biyoaktivite çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Bu derlemede solunum yolu bozuklukları, hemoroid, yara ve yanıklar gibi durumlar için potansiyel terapötik etkileri olabilecek Verbascum türleri belirlenmiştir, ancak aktivitelerini doğrulamak için daha fazla klinik öncesi ve klinik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basur
• fenolik bileşenler
• geleneksel kullanım
• saponinler
• sığırkuyruğu
• solunum yolu rahatsızlıkları
• Verbascum

Proje Numarası

TDK-2021-37912

Overview of ethnobotanical, phytochemical and biological activity relations of Verbascum species in worldwide

Öz

Verbascum species are important medicinal plants frequently used worldwide. This study aimed to compile the medical, veterinary, and other uses of these species by reviewing ethnobotanical studies conducted in countries where Verbascum species are naturally distributed. Ethnobotanical studies conducted in Türkiye, Italy, Pakistan, Spain, Iraq, Iran, Bosnia and Herzegovina, India, Pakistan, Serbia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and the USA were identified using standard keywords through databases such as PubMed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Turkish National Thesis Center. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals, congress proceedings, and theses (gray literature) were included. Scientific and local names, parts used, preparation and application methods were obtained from 110 ethnobotanical studies. The most cited plant species, countries, purposes, and plant parts were identified. A total of 46 Verbascum species were found to be medicinal plants used in folk medicine. The most cited species are V. thapsus, V. cheiranthifolium, Verbascum sp., V. speciosum, V. sinuatum, V. phlomoides, and V. lasianthum. The most frequently cited countries are Türkiye, Italy, Pakistan, Spain, Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and India. The most commonly used parts of these plants were found to be flowers (38%) and leaves (36%). The preparation and application method is generally internal use in the form of infusion and decoction in respiratory diseases, and there are external methods such as poultice, powder, and direct application for hemorrhoids and wounds. Additionally, bioactivity studies of the most cited plants were reviewed to evaluate their use in ethnobotany. This review identified Verbascum species that may have potential therapeutic effects for conditions such as respiratory disorders, hemorrhoids, wounds, and burns, but further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm their activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemorrhoid
• flavonoids
• mullein
• phenolic compounds
• respiratory disorders
• saponins
• traditional uses
• Verbascum

Destekleyen Kurum

Istanbul University Health Sciences Institute

Proje Numarası

TDK-2021-37912

Teşekkür

Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

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