Attenuation of copper-induced cytogenetic alterations by anthocyanin-rich Viburnum lantana mesocarp extract in Allium cepa cytogenotoxicity

Öz

Copper (Cu) contamination is an important environmental issue that may cause physiological disorders and genetic damage in living organisms. In the present study, the protective potential of an anthocyanin-rich Viburnum lantana mesocarp extract (VLE) against CuSO4·5H2O-induced cytogenetic damage was investigated using the Allium cepa assay. The total monomeric anthocyanin content of VLE was determined by the pH differential method. Rooting percentage, root length, and weight gain were evaluated as physiological parameters, whereas mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) frequency, and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were assessed as cytogenetic parameters. The obtained results revealed that CuSO4·5H2O treatment caused marked reductions in rooting percentage, root length, weight gain, and MI values, while significantly increasing MN frequency and chromosomal aberration incidence. Sticky chromosomes, fragments, and bridges were the most frequently observed aberration types. No apparent adverse effects were detected in the groups treated with VLE alone when compared with the negative control. In contrast, co-application of VLE with CuSO4·5H2O resulted in dose-dependent improvements in both physiological and cytogenetic parameters, with particularly notable reductions in micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations at higher VLE concentrations. These findings suggest that VLE may possess biological activity capable of contributing to the alleviation of Cu-induced cytogenetic damage and may represent a noteworthy natural source of bioactive compounds under conditions associated with heavy metal-induced stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Copper toxicity
• Viburnum lantana
• Allium cepa
• Genotoxicity
• Mitotic index
• Chromosomal aberrations

Allium cepa’da antosiyanin açısından zengin Viburnum lantana mezokarp özütünün bakır kaynaklı sitogenetik değişiklikleri hafifletici etkisi

Öz

Bakır (Cu) kirliliği, canlı organizmalarda fizyolojik bozukluklara ve genetik hasara yol açabilen önemli çevresel sorunlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, antosiyanince zengin Viburnum lantana mezokarp ekstraktının (VLE), CuSO4·5H2O kaynaklı sitogenetik hasara karşı koruyucu potansiyeli Allium cepa testi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. VLE’nin toplam monomerik antosiyanin içeriği pH diferansiyel yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Fizyolojik parametreler olarak köklenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışı değerlendirilirken, sitogenetik parametreler olarak mitotik indeks (MI), mikronükleus (MN) sıklığı ve kromozomal aberasyonlar (KA) incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, CuSO4·5H2O uygulamasının köklenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve MI değerlerinde belirgin azalmalara neden olduğunu, buna karşılık MN sıklığı ve kromozomal aberasyon frekansını artırdığını göstermiştir. En yaygın gözlenen aberasyon tipleri yapışkan kromozom, fragman ve köprü oluşumları olmuştur. VLE’nin tek başına uygulandığı gruplarda değerlendirilen parametreler bakımından negatif kontrole kıyasla belirgin bir olumsuz etki saptanmamıştır. Buna karşılık, VLE’nin CuSO4·5H2O ile birlikte uygulanması, fizyolojik ve sitogenetik parametrelerde doza bağlı iyileşmeler sağlamış, özellikle yüksek doz uygulamalarında mikronükleus ve kromozomal aberasyon sıklıklarında dikkate değer azalmalar gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, VLE’nin Cu kaynaklı sitogenetik hasarın azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilecek biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olabileceğini ve ağır metal kaynaklı stres koşullarında doğal biyoaktif bileşikler açısından dikkate değer bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakır toksisitesi
• Viburnum lantana
• Allium cepa
• Genotoksisite
• Mitotik indeks
• Kromozom aberasyonları

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