Triticum monococcum tohumu, Castanea sativa tohumu ve Begonia maculata yapraklarının antibakteriyel aktivitesinin çeşitli bakteri türlerine karşı değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bakterilerin antibiyotiklere direncini önlemek için ciddi araştırmalar var ve bilim insanları, bitkileri ve doğayı kullanarak yeni antibiyotik türevleri aramaktadırlar. Siyez buğdayı tohumları (Triticum monococcum), kestane meyvesi (Castanea sativa) ve begonya yaprakları bazı bakteri türlerine karşı antibakteriyel test için kullanılmışlardır. Siyez buğday tohumu ve Begonya yapraklarının antibakteriyel etkileriyle ilgili çalışma literatürde görülememiştir. Bu bitki yaprak ve tohumlarının antimikrobiyal etkisi Muller-Hilton besiyerinde 37 Co sıcaklıkta 48 saat süreyle incelenmiştir. İnkübasyondan sonra, tüm plakalar büyüme inhibisyon bölgeleri için gözlendi. Bu bölgelerin parametreleri milimetre cinsinden ölçüldü. Tüm testler, steril koşullar altında gerçekleştirildi ve üç kez tekrarlandı. Bu çalışmada, buğday ve kestane tohumlarının Staphylococcus aureus bakterisine karşı antibakteriyel etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak siyez buğdayı ve kestane tohumlarının, Escherichia coli baktesine karşı önemli bir antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna ilaveten; Begonia maculata bitki yapraklarının E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Pseudomonas aeroginosa bakterilerine karşı antimikrobiyal etkileri incelendi. Özellikle E. coli bakterileri her iki yaprak çeşidinden diğer bakterilere göre daha fazla etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Triticum monococcum,Castanea sativa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Begonia maculata,antibakteriyel

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Triticum monococcum seeds, Castanea sativa seeds and Begonia maculata leaves against several bacterial strains

Öz

There are serious research projects to prevent the bacteria to antibiotics. Thus, scientists are looking for new antibiotic derivatives using plants. Einkorn wheat seeds (Triticum monococcum), Chestnut seed (Castanea sativa) and Begonia leaves were used for antibacterial tests on bacterial strain. The study of antibacterial effects of Einkorn wheat seed and begonia leaves has not been seen in the literature. The antimicrobial effects of these plant leaves and seeds were investigated in Muller-Hilton media at 37 Co for 48 hours. After incubation, all plates were observed for zones of growth inhibition. The parameters of these zones were measured in millimeters. All tests were performed under sterile conditions and repeated three times. It was observed that the wheat and chestnut seeds had no antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. However, they have been found to have a significant antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli bacteria. Furthermore, antimicrobial effects of Begonia maculata leaves against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa bacteria were investigated. E. coli bacteria were affected by the leaves more than the other bacteria. K. pneumoniae bacteria were affected less while P. aeruginosa bacteria were affected the least.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Escherichia coli,Triticum monococcum,Castanea sativa,Staphylococcus aureus,Begonia maculata,antibacterial

Kaynakça

1. Awal A, Taha RM, Hasbullah NA (2008). Induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch in vitro. Journal of Biological Science 8: 920-924.
2. Barreira JCM, Casal S, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP, Pereira JA (2009). Nutritional, fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of Castanea sativa Mill. cultivars: A compositional and chemometric approach. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57: 2836–2842.
3. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 45: 493-96.
4. Berger A, Rein D, Schafer A, Monnard I, Gremaud G, Lambelet P, Bertoli C (2005). Similar cholesterol-lowering properties of rice bran oil, with varied oryzanol, in mildly hyper cholesterolemic men. European Journal of Nutrition 44: 163-173.
5. Bhattacharjee B, Islam SMS (2015). Assessment of antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts of Rhynchostylis retusa Blume-A Medicinal Orchid. World journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4: 74-87.
6. Borges O, Goncalves B, Carvalho JLS, Correia P, Silva AP (2008). Nutritional quality of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars from Portugal. Food Chemistry 106: 976–984. Burnham CR (1988). The restoration of the American chestnut. American Scientist 76: 478- 4878.
7. CDC (2015). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bulletin at 01/27/2015. https://www.cdc.gov/. Downloaded on 01 January 2015.
8. Choi EJ, Ka EH, Jo CY, Jo SH, Apostolidis E, Lee MS, Jang HD, Kwon YI (2014). Comparison of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Wheat Varieties. Food Food Science Biotechnology 23: 791-797.

9. Clement WL, Tebbit MC, Forrest LL, Blair JE, Brouillet L, Eriksson T, Swensen SW (2004). Phylogenetic position and biogeography of Hillebrandia sandwicensis (Begoniaceae): A rare Hawaiian relict. American Journal of Botany 91: 905–917.
10. Collins CM, Lyne PM (1987) Microbiological Methods. London: Butterworths and Co. Ltd., 316.
11. Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK (2010). Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4: 104-111.
12. Desmaison AM, Adrian J (1986). La place de la châtaigne en alimentation. Medicinal Nutrition 22: 175–179.
13. Er F, Özcan MM, Duman E, Endes Z (2013). Some Chemıcal Propertıes of Chestnut (Castanea Satıva Mıll.) Seed Collected From Different Locatıons In Turkey. IAAOJ Scientific Science 1: 9-12.
14. Ertürk Ü, Mert C, Soylu A (2006). Chemical composition of seeds of some important chestnut cultivars. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49: 183-188.
15. FAO (2019). FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief. http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/. Downloaded on 1 December 2019.
16. Hadjivassiliou M, Grunewald RA, Sharrack B, Sanders D, Lobo A, Williamson C, Woodroofe N, Wood N, Davies-Jones A (2003). Gluten ataxia in perspective: epidemiology, genetic susceptibility and clinical characteristics. Brain 126: 685-691.
17. Hessayon DG (1980). The use plant expert. Waltham Cross Herts: Publications Britannica Hause,125p.
18. Hoover WS, Karegeannes C, Wiriadinata H, Hunter JM (2004). Notes on the geography of South East Asian Begonia and species diversity in montane forests. Telopea 10: 749–764.
19. Neri L, Dimitri G, Sacchetti G (2010). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of cured chestnuts from three sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) ecotypes from Italy. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 23–29.
20. Pandikumar P, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S (2007). Medicinal plants used by Malasar tribes of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Traditional knowledge 6: 579–582.
21. Pandikumar P, Prakash B, Ignacimuthu S (2009). Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Begonia malabarica Lam. in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124: 111–115.
22. Pereira-Lorenzo S, Ramos-Cabrer AM, Di´az-Herna´ndez MB, CiordiaAra M, Ri´os-Mesa D (2006). Chemical composition of chestnut cultivars from Spain. Scientia Horticulturae 107: 306-314.
23. Ribeiro B, Rangel J, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira JA, Bolke H, Seabra RM (2007). Organic acids in two Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) varieties. Food Chemistry 100:504–508.
24. Saha S, Islam Z, Islam S, Md. Hossain S, Islam SM (2018). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against four bacterial strains. SKUAST Journal of Research 20: 58-62.
25. Shetty K, Lin YT (2005). Phenolic antimicrobials from plants for control of bacterial pathogens. Boca Raton: Food Biotechnology CRC Press.
26. Sheue CR, Pao SH, Chien LF, Chesson P, Peng CI (2012). Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia. Annals of Botany 109: 1065–1074.
27. Simopoulos AP (1991). Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 438–463.
28. WHO (2018). World Health Organization key facts, https://www.who.int/. Downloaded on 5 February 2018.
29. Živković J, Zeković Z, MuJić I, Vidović S, Cvetković D, Lepojević Ž, Nikolić G, Trutić N (2010). Scavenging Capacity of Superoxide Radical and Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Castanea sativa Mill. Extracts, Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28: 61–68.