Endangered species in Turkey: A specific review of endangered Fabaceae species with IUCN Red List data

Öz

Many species that are not endangered today will likely be threatened in the future because of the growing population, the rising need for industrial and urban development and agricultural practices, the increasing threats of invasive species, and the effects of climate change. Therefore, actions aiming to maintain viable populations for all threatened or non-threatened species should be based on in-situ conservation of the species. These action plans should be classified as species management, action, conservation, or rescue plans depending on the degree of intervention required. For the future species management plans, in this study, the species belonging to the Fabaceae family (Lathyrus, Astragalus, Vicia, Lotus, Thermopsis), which are in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and under threat of extinction in Turkey, has been reviewed based on the details about (1) their biogeographic regions, (2) habitats, (3) ecological characteristics, (4) potential threats, (5) economic importance, (6) ethnobotanical features and (7) usage opportunities among the people. Additionally, this study evaluates up-to-date records of the species' locations. As a result of the evaluations, the most critical threats to the natural habitats of the species belonging to the Fabaceae family are climate change, overgrazing, land reclamation, haymaking and erosion, deterioration caused by dam construction, and urbanization. Agriculture and anthropogenic habitat loss and degradation are also important threats. According to this study, it is vital to take the necessary conservation measures and develop conservation awareness for the future. Additionally, it is essential to determine these species' usage areas and determine their ecological and economic importance. The preparation of action plans for the conservation of species and the development of sustainable conservation and usage strategies, including genetic diversity, depend on the investigation of these species in all aspects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fabaceae
• Lathyrus
• Astragalus
• Vicia
• Lotus
• Thermopsis
• IUCN

Türkiye’de tehlike altındaki türler: IUCN Kırmızı Liste verileri ile tehlike altındaki Fabaceae türlerine yönelik özel bir inceleme

Öz

Habitatlar üzerinde devam eden baskı ile artan nüfus, endüstriyel ve kentsel gelişim, artan tarım uygulamaları, istilacı türlerin artan tehditleri ve iklim değişikliğinin etkileri ile birlikte bugün tehlike altında olmayan birçok tür, gelecekte büyük olasılıkla tehdit altına girecektir. Bu nedenle tehdit altında olan ya da olmayan tüm türler için yaşayabilir popülasyonların sürdürülmesini sağlamak amacı ile ortaya koyulan eylemler, türlerin yerinde korunmasını esas almalı ve bu eylem planları gerekli müdahale derecesine bağlı olarak tür yönetimi, eylem, koruma veya kurtarma planları olarak sınıflandırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, gelecekte gerçekleştirilmesi önerilen tür yönetimi planlarındaki ilk adım olması amacı ile Dünya Doğa ve Doğal Kaynakları Koruma Birliği (IUCN) Kırmızı Listesi’nde yer alan ve ülkemizde soyu tükenme tehlikesi altında bulunan Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin (Lathyrus, Astragalus, Vicia, Lotus, Thermopsis) detaylı bir araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, (1) Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin yayılış gösterdiği biyocoğrafik bölgelere, (2) yetiştiği habitatlara, (3) ekolojik özelliklerine, (5) karşı karşıya oldukları tehditlere, (6) ekonomik önemlerine, (7) etnobotanik özelliklerine ve halk arasındaki kullanım olanaklarına ilişkin detaylara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile, türlerin lokasyonlarına ait güncel kayıtlar da değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda familyaya ait türlerin doğal yaşam alanlarına yönelik en önemli tehdit unsurlarının iklim değişikliği, aşırı otlatma, arazi ıslahı, saman yapma ve erozyon, baraj yapımı ve kentleşmenin neden olduğu bozulmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Tarımsal faaliyetler ve insan kaynaklı habitat kaybı ve bozulmaları da önemli tehdit unsurlarındandır. Bu çalışmaya göre ülkemizin önemli genetik zenginliklerinden olan ve IUCN Kırmızı Liste’sindeki Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin nesillerini devam ettirebilmeleri amacı ile gerekli koruma önlemlerinin alınması ve koruma bilincinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, bu türlerin kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi, ekolojik ve ekonomik önemlerinin saptanması son derece önemlidir. Türlerin korunmasına yönelik eylem planlarının hazırlanması ve genetik çeşitliliğin de içinde yer aldığı sürdürülebilir koruma ve kullanım stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ise bu türlerin tüm yönleriyle araştırılmasına bağlıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fabaceae
• Lathyrus
• Astragalus
• Vicia
• Lotus
• Thermopsis
• IUCN

Kaynakça

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