Ülkemizde yetiştirilen bazı fasulye çeşitlerinin Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun’dan kaynaklanan Fasulye köşeli yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı reaksiyonları

Öz

Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Bartın ve Zonguldak illerinde seralarda ara sezon ürünü olarak fasulye üretimi büyük artış göstermiştir. Taze fasulye, bu bölgedeki toplam 510.000 da alanın yaklaşık yarısında ekilmektedir. Pseudocercospora griseola'nın neden olduğu köşeli yaprak lekesi hastalığı son beş yıldır fasulye üretiminde ciddi zararlara neden olmakta ve bölgede neredeyse %100 hastalık çıkısına sebep olmaktadır. Fasulyenin taze olarak tüketilmesi ve sık hasat edilmesi nedeniyle fungisit kullanımı istenmeyen kalıntılar sebebiyle kısıtlanmıştır. Bölgedeki çiftçilerin yaygın olarak hastalığa duyarlı iki yerel çeşidi kullanmaları nedeniyle bu çalışmada çiftçilere dayanıklı çeşitler sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Hastalık etmeninin patotiplerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan ırk ayırıcı set içinde yer alan üç fasulye çeşidi Türkiye’nin iki farklı bölgesinde yetiştirilmiş ancak tohum elde edilemediğinden hastalığa neden olan etmenin büyük patojenik varyasyonu olmasına rağmen, P. griseola’nın patotipleri belirlenememiştir. Bu nedenle Türkiye'de en çok yetiştirilen on yedi fasulye çeşidi seçilmiş ve tesadüfi olarak seçilen P. griseola'nın en agresif 10 izolatı ile dayanıklılık taraması yapılmıştır. Dokuz oturak tipi fasulye çeşidinden ikisi Bourgondia ve Yalova 17, sekiz sırık fasulye çeşidinden ise üçü Fabio, Burayşe ve Selvi tüm P. griseola izolatlarına karşı dayanıklı reaksiyon göstermiştir. Bu dayanıklı çeşitlerin hepsi sofralık olarak da iyi özelliklere sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Köşeli yaprak lekesi
• fasulye
• çeşit reaksiyonu

Reactions of some common bean cultivars grown in Turkey against some isolates of angular leaf spot disease, caused by Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun

Abstract

Vegetable bean production as mid-season crops in greenhouses has increased in two provinces, Bartın and Zonguldak, in the Western Black Sea region. Green bean is sown in about half of the total area of 510.000 da in this region. Angular leaf spot disease caused by Pseudocercospora griseola has been a serious disease for the last five years and it is so widespread in the region, showing almost 100% incidence. Since the beans are used for fresh consumption and are harvested continuously, fungicide use is restricted due to unwanted residues. Because of the farmers in the region widely use two local cultivars susceptible to the disease, providing resistant cultivars for farmers was the aim of this study. Although the causal agent has great pathogenic variation, determination of pathotypes of the P. griseola was not succeed since the three of the differential cultivars did not produced seed in two tested regions of Turkey. For this reason seventeen common bean cultivars in Turkey were selected and their reactions against ten randomly selected the most aggressive isolates of P. griseola were used for screening resistance. Two bush type bean cultivars, Bourgondia and Yalova 17, out of nine showed resistant reaction against all of ten isolates while three climbing types, Fabio, Burayşe and Selvi, out of eight were found resistant against all of the isolates of P. griseola. All of these resistant cultivars have good culinary characteristics.

Keywords

• angular leaf spot
• common bean
• reaction

Kaynakça

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