Determination of the pathotypes of Rhynchosporium commune (Zaffarona, McDonald & Linde) in some regions of Turkey

Abstract

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the important cereal crops grown in the vast area of the world and Turkey. This crop is the second most important cereal in Turkey grown in 2.611.940 hectares of land, and 7.000.000 tonnes of yield was produced (TUİK 2018). Barley scald caused by Rhynchosporium commune Zaffarano, McDonald, and Linde (formerly Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis) (Zaffarano et al. 2011) is one of the important barley diseases in Turkey (Karakaya et al. 2014). Yield losses of 10%-70% due to this pathogen have been reported (Aktaş 1984, Sheikh Jabbari 2008, Shipton et al. 1974, Zhang et al. 1992). Barley scald is controlled using chemical, agronomical, and genetic resistance measures. Introducing new sources of resistance to scald is accomplished by screening barley genotypes as well as determining the degree of pathogenic variation in R. commune populations. This method may omit the control of this fungus by chemical measures and help to implement environmentally friendly ways of disease control. Knowing pathogenic variability and obtaining barley genotypes resistant to scald can lead to the prevention of disease losses. In this study, surveys were conducted during 2012, 2013, and 2014 in different regions of Turkey, and pathotypes of R. commune in some barley growing areas of Turkey were determined.

Keywords

• Rhynchosporium commune
• differential set
• scald pathotypes
• Hordeum vulgare

Türkiye’nin bazı bölgelerinde Rhynchosporium commune (Zaffarona, McDonald & Linde)’nin patotiplerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Rhynchosporium commune fungal etmeni tarafından meydana getirilen Arpa yaprak lekesi hastalığı, dünyada ve Türkiye’de arpanın önemli bir hastalığıdır. 2012, 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerinde sürveyler düzenlenmiştir. Sürvey sonucu toplanan örneklerden izolasyonlar yapılmış ve bunlardan 52 tane R. commune tek spor izolatı seçilmiştir. On yedi adet arpa ayırıcı test çeşidi üzerindeki virülenslik değerlendirmelerine bağlı olarak toplam 30 arpa yaprak lekesi patotipi belirlenmiştir. Bu patotiplerin 18 adedi Orta Anadolu Bölgesi, 14 tanesi Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, 6 adedi Ege Bölgesi ve 1 adedi ise Karadeniz Bölgesi sürvey örneklerinden elde edilmiştir. Bu patotiplerin 20, 5, 1, 3 ve 1 adedi 20, 2, 3, 4 ve 7 izolat ile temsil edilmişlerdir. Patotiplerin hiçbiri 17 ayırıcı test çeşidi ve 2 hassas çeşit üzerine virülent olarak belirlenmemiştir. En virülent patotipler (patotipler 29 ve 30), Manisa-Kula (13-203) ve Gaziantep-Subağı (GPS71U) lokasyonlarından toplanan örneklerde, en az virülensliğe sahip patotip ise Sivas-Gemerek (GPS31) ve Sivas-Ulaş (NKT20) lokasyonlarından toplanan örneklerde belirlenmiştir (patotip 1). On yedi arpa ayırıcı test çeşidi içinde Jet ve Abyssinia 1 patotipe, Osiris, Atlas 46 ve Forrajera 3 patotipe, La Mesita ve Bey 7 patotipe, Trebi 9 patotipe, Pirate 10 patotipe, Modoc 11 patotipe, Kitchin ve Igri 12 patotipe, Armelle ve Astrix 19 patotipe, Athene 21 patotipe, Steudelli 24 patotipe ve Digger 25 patotipe hassas reaksiyon göstermişlerdir. Arpa ayırıcı test çeşitleri içinde Jet ve Abyssinia çeşitleri en dayanıklı çeşitler olarak, Digger ve Steudelli çeşitleri ise en hassas çeşitler olarak belirlenmişlerdir. Hassas kontrol çeşitleri Bülbül 89 ve Efes 3, arpa yaprak lekesi patotiplerinin %93’üne hassas reaksiyon göstermişlerdir. Türkiyenin bazı arpa üretim alanlarından elde edilen R. commune izolatlarında oldukça fazla varyasyonun olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rhynchosporium commune
• ayırıcı set
• arpa yaprak lekesi patotipleri
• Hordeum vulgare

Kaynakça

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