Research Article

Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach

Volume: 14 Number: 3 September 30, 2025
EN

Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach

Abstract

Spectrum auctions are very important for the strategic allocation of frequency bands in the telecommunications industry, ensuring efficient and fair access to this valuable resource. However, the complexity of auction environments—characterized by vast state spaces and multidimensional bid attributes—renders manual bid verification infeasible. This study introduces an innovative, data-driven approach by utilizing machine learning models, including k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, decision trees, and stochastic gradient descent classifiers, to automate the verification process. Through hyperparameter tuning and rigorous k-fold cross-validation, the decision tree model emerged as the most effective, achieving an F1-score of 96% and a G-Mean of 97%. These results demonstrate the practical viability of AI-enhanced verification systems in spectrum auctions and suggest broader applicability across various high-stakes auction platforms where real-time, reliable validation is essential.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Bailey, “Can machine learning predict the price of art at auction?,” Harvard Data Science Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1-8,2020.
  2. M. J. G. Rodríguez, V. Rodríguez-Montequín, P. Ballesteros-Pérez, P. E., Love, and R. Signor, “Collusion detection in public procurement auctions with machine learning algorithms,” Automation in Construction, vol. 133, p. 104047, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104047
  3. D. Imhof and H. Wallimann, “Detecting bid-rigging coalitions in different countries and auction formats,” International Review of Law and Economics, vol. 68, p. 106016, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.irle.2021.106016
  4. W. U. H. Abidi, M. S. Daoud, B. Ihnaini, M. A. Khan, T. Alyas, A. Fatima, and M. Ahmad, “Real-time shill bidding fraud detection empowered with fussed machine learning,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 113612-113621, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3098628.
  5. R. Zhang, C. Jiang, J. Zhang, J. Fan, J. Ren, and H. Xia, “Reinvigorating sustainability in Internet of Things marketing: Framework for multi-round real-time bidding with game machine learning,” Internet of Things, vol. 24, p. 100921, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2023.100921
  6. J. Rani P., A. Kulkarni, A. V. Kamath, A. Menon, P. Dhatwalia and D. Rishabh, “Prediction of Player Price in IPL Auction Using Machine Learning Regression Algorithms,” 2020 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT), Bangalore, India, pp. 1-6, 2020. doi: 10.1109/CONECCT50063.2020.9198668
  7. W. Kusonkhum, K. Srinavin, and T. Chaitongrat, “The adoption of a big data approach using machine learning to predict bidding behavior in procurement management for a construction project,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 17, p. 12836, 2023. doi: 10.3390/su151712836
  8. P. V. d. C. Souza and M. Dragoni, “Knowledge extraction in auction verification employing techniques from machine learning and fuzzy neural networks.,” 2024 IEEE International Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS), Madrid, Spain, pp. 1-8, 2024. doi: 10.1109/EAIS58494.2024.10569109.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Artificial Intelligence (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

March 3, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 9, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 14 Number: 3

APA
Avcu, C. N., Değirmenci, A., & Karal, Ö. (2025). Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 1420-1439. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456
AMA
1.Avcu CN, Değirmenci A, Karal Ö. Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14(3):1420-1439. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456
Chicago
Avcu, Ceren Nisa, Ali Değirmenci, and Ömer Karal. 2025. “Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14 (3): 1420-39. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456.
EndNote
Avcu CN, Değirmenci A, Karal Ö (September 1, 2025) Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14 3 1420–1439.
IEEE
[1]C. N. Avcu, A. Değirmenci, and Ö. Karal, “Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1420–1439, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456.
ISNAD
Avcu, Ceren Nisa - Değirmenci, Ali - Karal, Ömer. “Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14/3 (September 1, 2025): 1420-1439. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456.
JAMA
1.Avcu CN, Değirmenci A, Karal Ö. Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14:1420–1439.
MLA
Avcu, Ceren Nisa, et al. “Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 1420-39, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456.
Vancouver
1.Ceren Nisa Avcu, Ali Değirmenci, Ömer Karal. Predicting Bid Verification in Spectrum Auctions: A Data-Driven Approach. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025 Sep. 1;14(3):1420-39. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1650456

Bitlis Eren University

Journal of Science Editor

Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute

Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS

E-mail: fbe@beu.edu.tr