YERİNDEN EDİLENLERİN SESLERİ: AFGANİSTAN’DA ÜLKE İÇİNDE YERİNDEN EDİLENLERİN DENEYİMLERİ ARACILIĞIYLA KALICI ÇÖZÜMLER BELİRLEMEK

Öz

Bu makale, Afganistan’daki ülke içinde yerinden edilenler (IDP’ler) tarafından belirlenen, ülkenin iç yerinden edilme krizine yönelik potansiyel kalıcı çözümlerini incelemektedir. İleri sürülen düşünceler IDP’lerle, Afganistan hükümet yetkilileriyle, yerel ve uluslararası insani yardım sağlayıcılarıyla yapılan görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Ampirik bulgular, Afganistan’da iç yerinden edilmenin başlıca nedeni savaş olmasına rağmen kuraklık, doğal afetler ve kazanç fırsatlarının eksikliğinin de bu karmaşık probleme katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum, ülke genelindeki IDP’ler arasında insan onuru zedelenmesi, yoksulluk ve acıya yol açmıştır. Uzun Afgan savaşının son kırk beş yıl boyunca çeşitli aşamalarıyla iç yerinden edilmeye yol açmış olmasına rağmen, yerinden edilme sorununa kalıcı çözümler bulunamaması, sürekli olarak bu sorunun devamına, acıya ve savaşa katkıda bulunmuştur. Makalede, Afganistan’daki IDP sorununa yönelik yerel ve uluslararası müdahalelerin yetersiz, koordinasyonsuz, kısa vade odaklı ve uzun vadeli bir vizyondan yoksun olduğunu savunuyoruz. Sonuç olarak, krize kalıcı çözümler bulabilmek için sürdürülebilir barış, kapsayıcı devlet kurumları, uluslararası toplum ve Afganistan otoritelerinin güçlü siyasi iradesi ile hedefe yönelik kalkınma yardımlarının bir kombinasyonuna ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu yöndeki çalışmalar, IDP’lerin onurlu bir şekilde asıl yerleşim yerlerine dönmelerini ve yeniden entegrasyonlarını ya da mevcut yaşadıkları topluluklara kalıcı olarak yerleşmelerini desteklemelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• IDPs
• ülke içi yerinden edilme
• savaş
• şiddet
• onur kırıcı muamele
• kapsayıcı kalkınma
• sürdürülebilir barış
• Afganistan

VOICES OF THE DISPLACED: IDENTIFYING LASTING SOLUTIONS THROUGH THE EXPERIENCES OF IDPS IN AFGHANISTAN

Öz

This paper explores potential lasting solutions to the crisis of internal displacement in Afghanistan as identified by Internally Displace People (IDPs) in the country. The arguments are based on interviews with IDPs, Afghanistan’s government officials as well as local and international humanitarian aid providers. Empirical findings indicates that while war had been the main cause of internal displacement in Afghanistan, drought, natural disasters, and a lack of income-generating opportunities also contributed to this complex problem. This situation has caused loss of dignity, poverty and suffering among IDPs across the country. Although various phases of the long Afghan war had caused internal displacement over the past four and a half decades, failure to find lasting solutions to displacement contributed to continued displacement, suffering and to war. We argue that local and international responses to the IDPs problem in Afghanistan have been inadequate, uncoordinated, focused on ‘short-termism’, and have lacked a long-term vision. We conclude that lasting solutions to the crisis require a combination of sustainable peace, inclusive state institutions, strong political will from the international community and from Afghanistan’s ruling authorities as well as targeted development aid. Such efforts must support the dignified return of IDPs and their reintegration into their places of origin, or their permanent settlement in the communities where they currently live.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
• war
• violence
• indignity
• inclusive development
• sustainable peace
• Afghanistan

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