Evaluation of Serum S100A8/S100A9 Levels in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Abstract

Background: The correlation of S100A8/S100A9 with various inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases have been reported. There is no study investigating the levels of S100A8/S100A9 in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) Aims: We aimed to evaluate the level of serum S100A8/S100A9 in AITD. Study Design: Case control study. Methods: Fifty patients with AITD (25 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 25 Graves’ disease (GD)) were included in the study. Twenty seven healthy subjects participated as a control group. Blood samples were obtained in the 3 months after the initiation of medical treatment. Serum levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), total free sulfhydryl (SH), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and S100A8/S100A9 were analyzed. Results: The patients with AITD had significantly higher S100A8/S100A9, OSI, LOOH and TOS levels than the healthy control group. There was no significant difference between GD and HT patients in terms of S100A8/S100A9, TOS and OSI levels. S100A8/S100A9 level was positively correlated with LOOH, TOS and OSI levels but negatively correlated with –SH level in the patients with AITD. Conclusion: Serum S100A8/S100A9 levels were increased in patients with AITD and positively correlated with LOOH, TOS and OSI whereas negatively correlated with SH.

Keywords

• Autoimmune thyroid disease, oxidative status, S100A8/S100A9

Kaynakça

1. 1. Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Di Domenicantonio A, Fallahi P. Autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2015;14:174-180. [CrossRef]
2. 2. Zarković M. The role of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of graves’ disease. J Thyroid Res 2012;2012:302537 [CrossRef] 3. Marcocci C, Leo M, Altea MA. Oxidative stress in graves’ disease. Eur Thyroid J 2012;1:80-7. [CrossRef]
3. 4. Rostami R, Aghasi MR, Mohammadi A, Nourooz-Zadeh J. Enhanced oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: interrelationships to biomarkers of thyroid function. Clin Biochem 2013;46:308-12. [CrossRef]
4. 5. Stríz I, Trebichavský I. Calprotectin- a pleiotropic molecule in acute and chronic inflammation. Physiol Res 2004;53:245-53.
5. 6. Schiopu A, Cotoi OS. S100A8 and S100A9: DAMPs at the crossroads between innate immunity, traditional risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013;2013:828354. [CrossRef]
6. 7. Ehrchen JM, Sunderkötter C, Foell D, Vogl T, Roth J. The endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 agonist S100A8/S100A9 (calprotectin) as innate amplifier of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2009;86:557-66. [CrossRef]
7. 8. van Bon L, Cossu M, Loof A, Gohar F, Wittkowski H, Vonk M, et al. Proteomic analysis of plasma identifies the Toll-like receptor agonists S100A8/A9 as a novel possible marker for systemic sclerosis phenotype. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1585-9. [CrossRef]
8. 9. Lin JF, Chen JM, Zuo JH, Yu A, Xiao ZJ, Deng FH, et al. Meta-analysis: fecal calprotectin for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014;20:1407-15. [CrossRef]

9. 10. García-Arias M, Pascual-Salcedo D, Ramiro S, Ueberschlag ME, Jermann TM, Cara C, et al. Calprotectin in rheumatoid arthritis : association with disease activity in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cohort. Mol Diagn Ther 2013;17:49-56. [CrossRef]
10. 11. Andrés Cerezo L, Mann H, Pecha O, Pleštilová L, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, et al. Decreases in serum levels of S100A8/9 (calprotectin) correlate with improvements in total swollen joint count in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R122. [CrossRef]
11. 12. Hurnakova J, Zavada J, Hanova P, Hulejova H, Klein M, Mann H, et al. Serum calprotectin (S100A8/9): an independent predictor of ultrasound synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015;17:252 [CrossRef]
12. 13. Erel O. A novel automated method to measure total antioxidant response against potent free radical reactions. Clin Biochem 2004;37:112–9. [CrossRef]
13. 14. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem 2005;38:1103–11. [CrossRef]
14. 15. Arab K, Steghens JP. Plasma lipid hydroperoxides measurement by an automated xylenol orange method. Anal Biochem 2004;325:158–63. [CrossRef]
15. 16. Aycicek A, Erel O, Kocyigit A. Increased oxidative stress in infants exposed to passive smoking. Eur J Pediatr 2005;164:775– 8. [CrossRef]
16. 17. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70-7. [CrossRef]
17. 18. Lassoued S, Mseddi M, Mnif F, Abid M, Guermazi F, Masmoudi H, et al. A comparative study of the oxidative profile in Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and papillary thyroid cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010;138:107-15. [CrossRef]
18. 19. Erdamar H, Demirci H, Yaman H, Erbil MK, Yakar T, Sancak B, et al. The effect of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and their treatment on parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1004-10. [CrossRef]
19. 20. Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Kucharz EJ, Marcisz C, Winsz-Szczotka K, Kotulska A. Free radical activity and antioxidant defense mechanisms in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease during therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2000;300:107-17. [CrossRef]
20. 21. Baser H, Can U, Baser S, Yerlikaya FH, Aslan U, Hidayetoglu BT. Assesment of oxidative status and its association with thyroid autoantibodies in patients with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocrine 2015;48:916-23. [CrossRef]
21. 22. Hansson C, Eriksson C, Alenius GM. S100A8/S100A9: a potential marker of inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Immunol Res 2014;2014:696415. [CrossRef]
22. 23. Oktayoglu P, Bozkurt M, Mete N, Caglayan M, Em S, Nas K. Elevated serum levels of calprotectin (myeloid-related protein 8/14) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and its association with disease activity and quality of life. J Investig Med 2014;62:880-4. [CrossRef]
23. 24. Tydén H, Lood C, Gullstrand B, Jönsen A, Nived O, Sturfelt G, et al. Increased serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52:2048-55. [CrossRef]
24. 25. van Bon L, Cossu M, Loof A, Gohar F, Wittkowski H, Vonk M, et al. Proteomic analysis of plasma identifies the Toll-like receptor agonists S100A8/A9 as a novel possible marker for systemic sclerosis phenotype. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1585-9. [CrossRef]
25. 26. Poncin S, Van Eeckoudt S, Humblet K, Colin IM, Gérard AC. Oxidative stress: a required ondition for thyroid cell proliferation. Am J Pathol 2010;176:1355-63. [CrossRef]
26. 27. Lim SY, Raftery MJ, Goyette J, Hsu K, Geczy CL. Oxidative modifications of S100 proteins: functional regulation by redox. J Leukoc Biol 2009;86:577-87. [CrossRef]
27. 28. Ryckman C, Vandal K, Rouleau P, Talbot M, Tessier PA. Proinflammatory activities of S100: proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. J Immunol 2003;170:3233-42. [CrossRef