Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Uterine Leimyoma: Is There a Link with Atherosclerosis?

Abstract

Objective: Both uterine leimyoma (UL) and cardiovascular disease are public health problems affecting women at different age ranges. Smoking, obesity, and hypertension have been shown to be associated with UL in different random studies. However cardiovascular risk factors have not been evaluated systematically in patients with UL. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors and their relation with the presence of UL. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty nine patients with the pathological diagnosis of UL and one hundred and eighty nine age matched control subjects without UL were retrospectively included in the study from our data base of the pathology and gynecology departments. Controls were patients with intact uteri who had visited the same physicians for a routine checkup that included a pelvic examination and uterine sonogram and without mention of physical findings consistent with UL. The following clinical and demographic parameters were recorded; age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Current cigarette smoking was defined as active smoking within the past 12 months. Results: Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors between with and without UL revealed that the presence of hypertension (80 (42.3%) vs 53 (28%) p=0.004) diabetes mellitus (33 (17.4%) vs. 16 (8.4%) p=0.009), smoking (31 (16.4%) vs. 11 (5.8%) p=0.001), were significantly higher in patients with UL than in control subjects. The mean-age and presence of hyperlipidemia were comparable between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed an independent and positive association of UL with the presence of hypertension (odds ratio 2.02 CI: 1.25-3.27 p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.43 CI: 1.23-4.79 p=0.010), and smoking status (odds ratio 3.46 CI: 1.65-7.22 p=0.001). Conclusion: We have shown that major cardiovascular risk factors namely, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking are significantly and independently associated with UL. Our findings highlight the possible association of UL with atherosclerosis. Turkish Anahtar Kelimeler: Ateroskleroz, kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri, hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus, sigara içme, uterus leyomiyomu Amaç: Uterus leiomyomu (UL) ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar kadınları değişik yaşlarda etkileyen halk sağlığı problemleridir. Farklı çalışmalarda sigara, obezite ve hipertansiyonun UL ile ilişkisi gösterilmiştir. Buna karşın, UL olanlarda kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri sistematik olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu doğrultuda, kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri ve bunların UL varlığı ile ilişkisini araştırmayı hedefledik. Hastalar ve Metodlar: Patoloji ve jinekoloji bölümlerinin veri tabanında kayıtlı UL tanısı almış 189 hasta ve yaş bakımından eşleştirilmiş UL bulunmayan 189 kontrol vakası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Kontrol hastaları rutin check-up amacıyla aynı hekimlere başvuran, pelvik muayene ve ultrasonografisiye göre uterusu normal olup, UL fizik bulgusu saptanmayan kişilerden oluştu. Yaş, cinsiyet, hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus ve hiperkolesterolemi için klinik ve demografik parametreler kaydedildi. Aktif sigara kullanımı son 12 ayda aktif sigara içmek olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: UL olan ve olmayan hastalarda kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri kıyaslandığında, hipertansiyon varlığı [80 (42.3%) vs 53 (28%) p=0.004], diabetes mellitus [33 (17.4%) vs 16 (8.4%) p=0.009], sigara kullanımı [31 (16.4%) vs 11 (5.8%) p=0.001] UL olanlarda kontrollere göre anlamlı fazla bulundu. Ortalama yaş ve hiperlipidemi varlığı iki grup arasında benzer saptandı. Lojistik regresyon analizinde UL ile hipertansiyon varlığı (odds oranı 2.02 GA: 1.25-3.27, p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (odds oranı: 2.43, GA: 1.23-4.79, p=0.01) ve sigara kullanımı (odds oranı: 3.46, GA: 1.65-7.22, p=0.001) arasında bağımsız ve pozitif ilişki gösterildi. Sonuç: Majör kardiovasküler risk faktörlerinden hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus ve sigara kullanımının UL ile belirgin ve bağımsız olarak ilişkili olduğunu saptadık. Sonuçlarımız UL ile ateroskleroz olası ilişkisine ışık tutabilir.

Keywords

• Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, uterine leimyomata (UL)

Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Uterine Leimyoma: Is There a Link with Atherosclerosis?

Öz

Kaynakça

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