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Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3, 236 - 242, 01.03.2012
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045

Öz

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial degree of sexual behavior in male rats after inducement of onion and ginger in lamotrigine receiving groups. Material and Methods: Wistar rats (n=70) (male=35, female=35) were allocated so that males were divided into seven groups: control (n=5) and test groups (n=35). Control group used normal Saline (3 cc for each rat). Lamotrigine group were given Lamotrigine (10 mg/kg). Onion group used onion fresh juice (3 cc for each rat/daily). Ginger group was fed on ginger powder (100 mg/kg/daily). Onion & Lamotrigine group used both onion juice (3 cc fresh onion juice for each rat/day) and Lamotrigine (10 mg/kg). Ginger & Lamotrigine group used both ginger powder (100 mg/kg/day) and Lamotrigine (10 mg/kg/day). Onion, ginger & Lamortigine group jointly used ginger powder (100 mg/kg/day) and onion juice (3 cc juice for each rat) and Lamotrigine (10 mg/kg/day). All groups were given treatments orally. For sexual behaviors, Estradiolbenzoate (50 microgram) and 6 hours before test (500 microgram) progesterone was injected to the female rats subcutaneously. Then rats were viewed for erection, ejaculation and cup. Results: There was maximum Serum total testosterone level in the onion group, there was maximum malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Lamotrigine group and there was maximum total antioxidant capacity in both the onion group and ginger group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results revealed that administration of (100 mg/kg/day) of ginger powder, and freshly prepared onion juice (3 cc for each rat), significantly lowered the adverse effects of lamotrigine, and can have beneficial effects on sexual behavior in male rat. Turkish Başlık: Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine) Anahtar Kelimeler: Allium cepa, antiepileptik, lamotrijin, cinsel davranış, Zingiber officinale Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Lamotrijin alan gruplarda soğan ve zencefil başlandıktan sonra erkek ratların cinsel davranış düzeyi üzerine faydalı etkilerini değerlendirmekti. Materyal ve Metotlar: Wistar ratlar (n=70) (erkek=35, dişi=35), erkekler yedi gruba ayrılacak şekilde gruplandırıldı: kontrol (n=5) ve test grupları (n=35). Kontrol grubunda normal salin (her bir rat için 3 cc) kullanıldı. Lamotrijin grubuna Lamotrijin (10 mg/kg) verildi. Soğan grubuna taze soğan suyu (her rat için günlük 3 cc) verildi. Zencefil grubu zencefil tozu (100 mg/kg/gün) ile beslendi. Soğan+Lamotrijin grubu hem soğan suyu (her bir rat için günlük 3 cc taze soğan suyu) hem de Lamotrijin (10 mg/kg) kullandı. Zencefil+Lamotrijin grubu hem zencefil tozu (100 mg/kg/gün) hem de Lamotrijin (10 mg/kg/gün) kullandı. Soğan+zencefil+Lamortigine grubu zencefil tozu (100 mg/kg/gün), soğan suyu (her rat için 3 cc) ve Lamotrijini (10 mg/kg/gün) birlikte kullandı. Tüm gruplara tedaviler oral olarak verildi. Cinsel davranış için dişi ratlara subkutan olarak Östradiolbenzoat (50 mikrogram) ve testten 6 saat önce (500 mikrogram) progesteron enjekte edildi. Daha sonra ratlarda ereksiyon, ejakülasyon ve çiftleşme davranışı incelendi. Bulgular: Maksimum serum total testosteron seviyesi soğan grubunda, maksimum malondialdehid (MDA) seviyesi Lamotrijin grubunda ve maksimum total antioksidan kapasite hem soğan hem de zencefil grubunda mevcuttu (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bulgular zencefil tozu (100 mg/kg/gün) ve taze hazırlanmış soğan suyu (her rat için 3 cc) verilmesinin Lamotrijinin advers etkilerini anlamlı şekilde azalttığını ve erkek ratların cinsel davranışı üzerine faydalı etkileri olabileceğini gösterdi.

Kaynakça

  • Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Ozanci CC, Ghafari- Novin M, Hamadeh M. The effects of Ginger on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters of rat. Ir J of Repr Med 2009;7:7-12.
  • Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Khamenehi HJ, Hama- deh M. Evaluation of Androgenic Activity of Allium cepa on Sper- matogenesis in Rat. Fol Morph 2009;68:45-51.
  • Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and infertility in the United States: incidence and trends. J Fert Ste 1991;56:192-3.
  • Sekiwa Y, Kubota K, Kobayashi A. Isolation of novel glucosides related to gingerdiol from ginger and their antioxidative activities. J Agr Food Che 2000;48:373-7. [CrossRef]
  • Kamtchouing P, Mbongue Fandio GY, Dimo T, Jatsa HB. Evaluation of angrogenic activity of Zingiber officinale and pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats. Asi J And 2002;4:299-301.
  • Augusti KT. Therapeutic values of onion and garlic. Indi J Exp Bio 1996;34:634-40.
  • Lee SU, Lee JH, Choi SH, Lee JS, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Kozukue N, et al. Flavonoid content in fresh, home-processed, and light-exposed onions and in dehydrated commercial onion products. J. Agr. Food Chem 2008;24:8541-8. [CrossRef]
  • Kumari K, Mathew BC, Augusti KT. Antidiabetic and hypolipid- emic effects of SMCS isolated from Allium Cepa Linn. Ind J Bioch Bio 1990;32:49.
  • Markham KR. Techniques of flavonoid identification. Academic Press 1982, London.
  • Rajeev K, Gagan G, Narmada P. Drug Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infer- tility: Rationale Versus Evidence. J of Uro 2006;176:1307-12. [CrossRef]
  • Yang HS, Han DK, Kirn JR, Sim JC. Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat testis and spermatogenesis. J Kor Med Sci 2006;21:51-445. [CrossRef]
  • Zancan KC, Marques MO, Petenate AJ, Meireles MA. Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co- solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. J Sup Flu 2002;24:57-76. [CrossRef]
  • Hawley W, Grissom E, Keskitalo L, Hastings T, Dohanich G. Sexual motivation and anxiety-like behaviors of male rats after expo- sure to a truma followed by situational reminders. Phy. and beh 2011;102:181-7.
  • Vasilenko SA, Ram N, Lefkowitz ES. Body image and first sexual inter- course in late adob scence. J of Adlole 2010;34:327-35. [CrossRef]
  • Clayton AH. The pathophysiology of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Gyneco 2010;110:7-11.
  • Oviedo-Joekes E, Marchand K, Guh D, Marsh DC, Brissette S, Krausz M, et al. History of reported sexual or physical abuse among long-term heroin users and their response to substitution treatment. Add Beh 2011;36:55-60. [CrossRef]
  • Benotsch EG, Koester S, Luckman D, Martin AM, Cejka A. Non- medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risck behavior in young adults. Add Beh 2011;36:152-5. [CrossRef]
  • Patrick ME, Maggs JL. Profiles of motirations for alchol use and sexual behavior among first-year university students. J of Adole 2010;33:755-65. [CrossRef]
  • Boris B, Gorzalka IV. The effect of vitamin B6 on sexual behav- ior in the rat,possibly through serotonergic mechasisms. Nut Res 1994;14:279-85. [CrossRef]
  • Yousef MI. Protective effect of ascorbic acid to enhance repro- ductive performance of male rabbits treated with stannous chlo- ride. Toxi 2005;207:81-9. [CrossRef]
  • W.H.O., W.H.O. monographs on selected medicinal plants. Malta 1999;1:86-277.
  • Huang HF, Linsenmeyer TA, Li MT, Giglio W, Anesetti R, von Hagen J, et al. Acute effects of spinal cord injury on the pituitary-testicular hormone axis and Sertoli cell functions: a time course study. J And 1995;16:148- 57.
  • Rİste LS, Taubİll E, Mİrkrid L, Bjİrnenak T, Saetre ER, Mİrland T, et al. Antiepileptic drugs alter reproductive endocrine hormones in men with epilepsy, Euro J of Neurol 2005;2:24-118.
  • Feng R, He W, Ochi H. A new murine oxidative stress model associ- ated with Senescence. Mec Age Dev 2001;122:547-59. [CrossRef]
  • Chen CY, Liu TZ, Liu YW, Tseng WC, Liu RH, Lu FJ, et al, 6-Shogaol (Alkanone from Ginger) Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Hepatoma p53 Mutant Mahlavu Subline via an Oxidative Stress- Mediated Caspase- Dependent Mechanism. J Agr Food Chem 2007;55:54-948. [CrossRef]
  • Liew SH, Meachem SJ, Hedger MP. A stereological Analysis of the Response of Spermatogenesis to an Acute Inflamatory Episode in Adult Rat. J And 2007;28:176-85.
  • Chen SS, Shen MR, Chen TJ, Lai SL. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on sperm motility of normal controls and epileptic patients with long- term therapy. Epile 1992;33:149-53. [CrossRef]
  • Fielder TJ, Peacock NR, McGivern RF, Swerdloff RS, Bhasin S. Tes- tosteronn dose-dependency of sexual ans nonsevual behaviors in the gonadotropinrelesing kormone antagonist- treated male rat. J of And 1989;10:167-73.
  • Chairgulprasert V., Prasertsongskun S., Wichaporn W., Chemical constituents of the essential oil and antibacterial activity of Zingiber wrayi var. halabala Songklanakarin. J Sci Tech 2005;27:8-813.
  • Rİste LS, Taubİll E, Isojarvi JI, Berner A, Berg KA, Pakarinen AJ, et al. Gonadal morphology and sex hormones in male and female Wi- star rats after long-term lamotrigine treatment. Seiz 2003;12:621-7. [CrossRef]
  • Morrell M.J., Isojarvi J., Taylor A.E., Dam M., Ayala R., Gomez G., Higher androgens and weight gain with valproate compared with lamotrigine for epilepsy. Epi Res Pak J Biol Sci 2008;11:9-1683.
  • Penovich PE. The effects of epilepsy and its treatment on sexual and reproductive function. Min Epi Gro Sai Paul 2008;17:30-127.
  • Isojarvi J. Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy: Anti- epileptic drug related mechanisms. Sei 2008;17:111-9. [CrossRef]
  • Sveberg Rİste L, Taubİll E, Isojärvi JI, Pakarinen AJ, Huhtaniemi IT, Knip M, et al. Effects of chronic valproate treatment on reproduc- tive endocrine hormones in female and male Wistar rats. Repro Tox 2002;16:767-73. [CrossRef]
  • Luef GJ. Epilepsy and Sexuality. Seiz 2008;17:12730. [CrossRef]
  • Bone B, Janszky J. Epilepsy and male sexual dysfunction: etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Epi Beh 2006;1:8-22.
  • Amin A., Hamza A.A., Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin- induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Asi J And 2006;8:12-607.
  • Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, Leśkiewicz M, Kubera M, Jagła G, Nowak W, et al, Effects of new antiepileptic drugs and progabide on the mitogen-induced proliferative activity of mouse splenocytes. Pha Rep 2008;60:925-32.
  • Yang CY, Chao PD, Hou YC, Tsai SY, Wen KC, Hsiu SL. Marked de- crease of cyclosporine bioavailability caused by coadministration of ginkgo and onion in rats. J Foo & Chemi Toxi 2006;44:8-1572.
  • Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Tox 2008;46:409-20. [CrossRef]
  • Sies H. Oxidants and antioxidants. In: Oxidative Stress. Academic Press London 1991;15-22.
  • Singh G, Kapoor IP, Singh P, de Heluani CS, de Lampasona MP, Cata- lan CA. Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations on essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale. Food & Chemi Tox 2008;46:3295-302. [CrossRef]
  • Stoilova L, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Denev P, Gargova S. Antioxi- dant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chemi 2007;102:764-70. [CrossRef]
  • Morakinyo A, Adeniyi O, Arikawe A. Effects of Zingiber Offici- nale on Reproductive Functions in the Male Rat. Afri J of Bio Res 2008;11:329-34.

Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3, 236 - 242, 01.03.2012
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Ozanci CC, Ghafari- Novin M, Hamadeh M. The effects of Ginger on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters of rat. Ir J of Repr Med 2009;7:7-12.
  • Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Khamenehi HJ, Hama- deh M. Evaluation of Androgenic Activity of Allium cepa on Sper- matogenesis in Rat. Fol Morph 2009;68:45-51.
  • Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and infertility in the United States: incidence and trends. J Fert Ste 1991;56:192-3.
  • Sekiwa Y, Kubota K, Kobayashi A. Isolation of novel glucosides related to gingerdiol from ginger and their antioxidative activities. J Agr Food Che 2000;48:373-7. [CrossRef]
  • Kamtchouing P, Mbongue Fandio GY, Dimo T, Jatsa HB. Evaluation of angrogenic activity of Zingiber officinale and pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats. Asi J And 2002;4:299-301.
  • Augusti KT. Therapeutic values of onion and garlic. Indi J Exp Bio 1996;34:634-40.
  • Lee SU, Lee JH, Choi SH, Lee JS, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Kozukue N, et al. Flavonoid content in fresh, home-processed, and light-exposed onions and in dehydrated commercial onion products. J. Agr. Food Chem 2008;24:8541-8. [CrossRef]
  • Kumari K, Mathew BC, Augusti KT. Antidiabetic and hypolipid- emic effects of SMCS isolated from Allium Cepa Linn. Ind J Bioch Bio 1990;32:49.
  • Markham KR. Techniques of flavonoid identification. Academic Press 1982, London.
  • Rajeev K, Gagan G, Narmada P. Drug Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infer- tility: Rationale Versus Evidence. J of Uro 2006;176:1307-12. [CrossRef]
  • Yang HS, Han DK, Kirn JR, Sim JC. Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat testis and spermatogenesis. J Kor Med Sci 2006;21:51-445. [CrossRef]
  • Zancan KC, Marques MO, Petenate AJ, Meireles MA. Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co- solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. J Sup Flu 2002;24:57-76. [CrossRef]
  • Hawley W, Grissom E, Keskitalo L, Hastings T, Dohanich G. Sexual motivation and anxiety-like behaviors of male rats after expo- sure to a truma followed by situational reminders. Phy. and beh 2011;102:181-7.
  • Vasilenko SA, Ram N, Lefkowitz ES. Body image and first sexual inter- course in late adob scence. J of Adlole 2010;34:327-35. [CrossRef]
  • Clayton AH. The pathophysiology of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Gyneco 2010;110:7-11.
  • Oviedo-Joekes E, Marchand K, Guh D, Marsh DC, Brissette S, Krausz M, et al. History of reported sexual or physical abuse among long-term heroin users and their response to substitution treatment. Add Beh 2011;36:55-60. [CrossRef]
  • Benotsch EG, Koester S, Luckman D, Martin AM, Cejka A. Non- medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risck behavior in young adults. Add Beh 2011;36:152-5. [CrossRef]
  • Patrick ME, Maggs JL. Profiles of motirations for alchol use and sexual behavior among first-year university students. J of Adole 2010;33:755-65. [CrossRef]
  • Boris B, Gorzalka IV. The effect of vitamin B6 on sexual behav- ior in the rat,possibly through serotonergic mechasisms. Nut Res 1994;14:279-85. [CrossRef]
  • Yousef MI. Protective effect of ascorbic acid to enhance repro- ductive performance of male rabbits treated with stannous chlo- ride. Toxi 2005;207:81-9. [CrossRef]
  • W.H.O., W.H.O. monographs on selected medicinal plants. Malta 1999;1:86-277.
  • Huang HF, Linsenmeyer TA, Li MT, Giglio W, Anesetti R, von Hagen J, et al. Acute effects of spinal cord injury on the pituitary-testicular hormone axis and Sertoli cell functions: a time course study. J And 1995;16:148- 57.
  • Rİste LS, Taubİll E, Mİrkrid L, Bjİrnenak T, Saetre ER, Mİrland T, et al. Antiepileptic drugs alter reproductive endocrine hormones in men with epilepsy, Euro J of Neurol 2005;2:24-118.
  • Feng R, He W, Ochi H. A new murine oxidative stress model associ- ated with Senescence. Mec Age Dev 2001;122:547-59. [CrossRef]
  • Chen CY, Liu TZ, Liu YW, Tseng WC, Liu RH, Lu FJ, et al, 6-Shogaol (Alkanone from Ginger) Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Hepatoma p53 Mutant Mahlavu Subline via an Oxidative Stress- Mediated Caspase- Dependent Mechanism. J Agr Food Chem 2007;55:54-948. [CrossRef]
  • Liew SH, Meachem SJ, Hedger MP. A stereological Analysis of the Response of Spermatogenesis to an Acute Inflamatory Episode in Adult Rat. J And 2007;28:176-85.
  • Chen SS, Shen MR, Chen TJ, Lai SL. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on sperm motility of normal controls and epileptic patients with long- term therapy. Epile 1992;33:149-53. [CrossRef]
  • Fielder TJ, Peacock NR, McGivern RF, Swerdloff RS, Bhasin S. Tes- tosteronn dose-dependency of sexual ans nonsevual behaviors in the gonadotropinrelesing kormone antagonist- treated male rat. J of And 1989;10:167-73.
  • Chairgulprasert V., Prasertsongskun S., Wichaporn W., Chemical constituents of the essential oil and antibacterial activity of Zingiber wrayi var. halabala Songklanakarin. J Sci Tech 2005;27:8-813.
  • Rİste LS, Taubİll E, Isojarvi JI, Berner A, Berg KA, Pakarinen AJ, et al. Gonadal morphology and sex hormones in male and female Wi- star rats after long-term lamotrigine treatment. Seiz 2003;12:621-7. [CrossRef]
  • Morrell M.J., Isojarvi J., Taylor A.E., Dam M., Ayala R., Gomez G., Higher androgens and weight gain with valproate compared with lamotrigine for epilepsy. Epi Res Pak J Biol Sci 2008;11:9-1683.
  • Penovich PE. The effects of epilepsy and its treatment on sexual and reproductive function. Min Epi Gro Sai Paul 2008;17:30-127.
  • Isojarvi J. Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy: Anti- epileptic drug related mechanisms. Sei 2008;17:111-9. [CrossRef]
  • Sveberg Rİste L, Taubİll E, Isojärvi JI, Pakarinen AJ, Huhtaniemi IT, Knip M, et al. Effects of chronic valproate treatment on reproduc- tive endocrine hormones in female and male Wistar rats. Repro Tox 2002;16:767-73. [CrossRef]
  • Luef GJ. Epilepsy and Sexuality. Seiz 2008;17:12730. [CrossRef]
  • Bone B, Janszky J. Epilepsy and male sexual dysfunction: etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Epi Beh 2006;1:8-22.
  • Amin A., Hamza A.A., Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin- induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Asi J And 2006;8:12-607.
  • Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, Leśkiewicz M, Kubera M, Jagła G, Nowak W, et al, Effects of new antiepileptic drugs and progabide on the mitogen-induced proliferative activity of mouse splenocytes. Pha Rep 2008;60:925-32.
  • Yang CY, Chao PD, Hou YC, Tsai SY, Wen KC, Hsiu SL. Marked de- crease of cyclosporine bioavailability caused by coadministration of ginkgo and onion in rats. J Foo & Chemi Toxi 2006;44:8-1572.
  • Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Tox 2008;46:409-20. [CrossRef]
  • Sies H. Oxidants and antioxidants. In: Oxidative Stress. Academic Press London 1991;15-22.
  • Singh G, Kapoor IP, Singh P, de Heluani CS, de Lampasona MP, Cata- lan CA. Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations on essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale. Food & Chemi Tox 2008;46:3295-302. [CrossRef]
  • Stoilova L, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Denev P, Gargova S. Antioxi- dant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chemi 2007;102:764-70. [CrossRef]
  • Morakinyo A, Adeniyi O, Arikawe A. Effects of Zingiber Offici- nale on Reproductive Functions in the Male Rat. Afri J of Bio Res 2008;11:329-34.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arash Khaki Bu kişi benim

Alireza Farnam Bu kişi benim

Arash Davatgar Badie Bu kişi benim

Hussein Nikniaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Khaki, A., Farnam, A., Badie, A. D., Nikniaz, H. (2012). Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Medical Journal, 2012(3), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045
AMA Khaki A, Farnam A, Badie AD, Nikniaz H. Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Medical Journal. Mart 2012;2012(3):236-242. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045
Chicago Khaki, Arash, Alireza Farnam, Arash Davatgar Badie, ve Hussein Nikniaz. “Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium Cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat After Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)”. Balkan Medical Journal 2012, sy. 3 (Mart 2012): 236-42. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045.
EndNote Khaki A, Farnam A, Badie AD, Nikniaz H (01 Mart 2012) Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Medical Journal 2012 3 236–242.
IEEE A. Khaki, A. Farnam, A. D. Badie, ve H. Nikniaz, “Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)”, Balkan Medical Journal, c. 2012, sy. 3, ss. 236–242, 2012, doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045.
ISNAD Khaki, Arash vd. “Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium Cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat After Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)”. Balkan Medical Journal 2012/3 (Mart 2012), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045.
JAMA Khaki A, Farnam A, Badie AD, Nikniaz H. Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Medical Journal. 2012;2012:236–242.
MLA Khaki, Arash vd. “Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium Cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat After Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)”. Balkan Medical Journal, c. 2012, sy. 3, 2012, ss. 236-42, doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.045.
Vancouver Khaki A, Farnam A, Badie AD, Nikniaz H. Treatment Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Sexual Behavior of Rat after Inducing an Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine). Balkan Medical Journal. 2012;2012(3):236-42.