Association of Tobacco Products Use and Diabetes Mellitus-Results of a National Survey Among Adults in Saudi Arabia

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 3, 247 - 251, 01.03.2012

Abdalla Abdelwahid Saeed

https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.035

Öz

Objective: To compare the tobacco products use patterns of known diabetics and non diabetics. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study using STEPwise approach among adults using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sample. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included sociodemographics; tobacco products use habits, history of diabetes, biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Results: Of the total of 4654 subjects who participated in the study, 1016 (21.8%) were ever smoked tobacco products users and 65 (1.4%) were ever smokeless tobacco products users. Known Diabetes prevalence was 15.3% (712 known diabetics). There were no significant differences in diabetic status and smokeless tobacco products use for both ever and current use. For smoked products diabetics are fewer in current smokers and more in ex smokers. Diabetics started smoking significantly older, smoked for longer duration and higher intensity than non diabetics. Conclusion: Diabetes appears to be associated with smoked but not smokeless tobacco products use. Turkish Başlık: Tütün Ürünleri Kullanımının Diabetes Mellitus ile İlişkisi – Suudi Arabistan'da Yetişkinler Arasında Yapılan Ulusal Tarama Sonuçları Anahtar Kelimeler: Tütün kullanımı, diabetes, yetişkinler, Suudi Arabistan Amaç: Bilinen diyabetik ve diyabetik olmayanların tütün ürünleri kullanım paternlerini karşılaştırmak. Materyal ve Metotlar: Yetişkinler arasında çok-aşamalı, katmanlı, rastgele küme örneklemi ile AŞAMAlı yaklaşımı kullanarak toplum tabanlı kesitsel çalışma. Veriler sosyodemografik özellikleri; tütün ürünleri kullanma alışkanlıklarını, diyabet öyküsünü, biyokimyasal ve antropometrik ölçümleri içeren bir anket kullanılarak toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan toplam 4654 kişiden 1016'sı (%21.8) herhangi bir zamanda dumanlı tütün ürünleri kullanıcısı ve 65'i (1.4%) herhangi bir zamanda dumansız tütün ürünleri kullanıcısıydı. Bilinen Diyabet prevalansı %15.3 idi (712 bilinen diyabetik). Hem herhangi bir zamanda hem de halihazırda kullanım için diyabetik durum ve dumansız tütün ürünleri kullanımı açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Dumanlı ürünler açısından diyabetikler halihazırda içiciler arasında daha az olup eski içiciler arasında daha fazladır. Diyabetikler diyabetik olmayanlara kıyasla sigara içmeye anlamlı şekilde daha ileri yaşta başladı, daha uzun süre boyunca ve daha yoğun şekilde içti. Sonuç: Diyabet dumansız tütün ürünleri ile değil ama dumanlı ürünler ile ilişkili görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tobacco use, diabetes, adults, Saudi Arabia

Association of Tobacco Products Use and Diabetes Mellitus-Results of a National Survey Among Adults in Saudi Arabia

Öz

Kaynakça

• Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87:4-14. [CrossRef]
• Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Alkharfy KM, Yousef M, Sabi- co SL, et al. Diabetes mellitus type 2 and other chronic non-communi- cable diseases in the central region, Saudi Arabia (Riyadh cohort 2): a decade of an epidemic. BMC Med 2011;9:76. [CrossRef]
• Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Harthi SS, Arafah MR, Khalil MZ, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2004;25:1603-10.
• Alqurashi KA, Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med 2011;31:19-23. [CrossRef]
• Elhadd TA, Al-Amoudi AA, Alzahrani AS.Epidemiology, clinical and complications profile of diabetes in Saudi Arabia: a review. Ann Saudi Med. 2007;27:241-50. [CrossRef]
• Wipfli H, Samet JM. Global economic and health benefits of tobacco control: part 1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;86:263-71. [CrossRef]
• Warner KE. The economics of tobacco: myths and realities. Tob Con- trol 2000;9:78-89. [CrossRef]
• Joossens L, Merriman D, Ross H, Raw M. The impact of eliminating the global illicit cigarette trade on health and revenue. Addiction 2010;105:1640-9. [CrossRef]
• Bassiony M. Smoking in Saudi Arabia. Saudi M J 2009;30:876-81.
• Jarrett RJ, Shipley MJ. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabe- tes mellitus and cardiovascular disease--putative association via common antecedents; further evidence from the Whitehall Study. Diabetologia 1988;31:737-40. [CrossRef]
• Perry IJ, Wannamethee SG, Walker MK, Thomson AG, Whincup PH, Shaper AG. Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men. BMJ 1995;310:560-4. [CrossRef]
• Haire-Joshu D, Glasgow RE, Tibbs TL. Smoking and diabetes. Diabe- tes Care 1999;22:1887-98. [CrossRef]
• Kowall B, Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Heier M, Holle R, Thorand B, et al. Association of passive and active smoking with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population: the KORA S4/F4 cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2010;25:393-402. [CrossRef]
• Kowall B, Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Heier M, Holle R, Thorand B, et al. A prospective study investigating the association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in never smokers. Ann Epidemiol 2011;21:42-7. [CrossRef]
• Zhang L, Curhan GC, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Forman JP. Association be- tween passive and active smoking and incident type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2011;34:892-7. [CrossRef]
• Xie XT, Liu Q, Wu J, Wakui M. Impact of cigarette smoking in type 2 diabetes development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009;30:784-7. [CrossRef]
• Cho NH, Chan JC, Jang HC, Lim S, Kim HL, Choi SH. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a four- year community-based prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;71:679-85. [CrossRef]
• Hur NW, Kim HC, Nam CM, Jee SH, Lee HC, Suh I. Smoking cessation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korea Medical In- surance Corporation Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14:244-9. [CrossRef]
• Tonstad S.Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;85:4-13. [CrossRef]
• Yeh HC, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Wang NY, Brancati FL. Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:10-7.
• Foy CG, Bell RA, Farmer DF, Goff DC Jr, Wagenknecht LE. Smoking and incidence of diabetes among U.S. adults: findings from the Insu- lin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2501-7. [CrossRef]
• Bonita R, de Courten M, Dwyer T, Jamorzik K, Winkelmann R. Sur- veillance of Risk factors for Non Communicable diseases. The WHO STEPwise approach. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. Sum- mary (WHO/ NMH/CCS/01.01).
• www.emro.who.int/ncd/pdf/stepwise_saa_05.pdf
• Wagner EH, Groves T. Care for chronic diseases. BMJ 2002;325:913- 4. [CrossRef]
• Hu F. Globalization of Diabetes The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes Diabetes Care 2011;34:1249-57. [CrossRef]
• Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Nelson DE, Engelgau MM, Vini- cor F, et al. The continuing increase of diabetes in the US. Diabetes Care 2001;24:412. [CrossRef]
• Eliasson M, Asplund K, Nasic S, Rodu B. Influence of smoking and snus on the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes amongst men: the northern Sweden MONICA study. J Intern Med 2004;256:101-10. [CrossRef]
• Persson PG, Carlsson S, Svanström L, Ostenson CG, Efendic S, Grill V. Cigarette smoking, oral moist snuff use and glucose intolerance. J Intern Med. 2000;248:103-10. [CrossRef]
• Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali W, Faris P, Cornuz J. Active Smoking and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2007;298:2654-64. [CrossRef]
• Chiolero A, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J. Consequences of smoking on body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:801-9.
• Haire-Joshu D, Glasgow RE, Tibbs TL. Smoking and diabetes. Diabe- tes Care 2004;1:S74-5.
• Nakanishi N, Nakamura K, Matsuo Y, Suzuki K, Tatara K. Cigarette smoking and risk for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men.Ann Intern Med 2000;133:183-91.
• Voulgari C, Katsilambros N, Tentolouris N. Smoking cessation predicts amelioration of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective study. Metabolism 2011;60:1456-64. [CrossRef]
• Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, Minhas R, Sheikh A, et al. Smoking was a variable in a score Predicting risk of type 2 diabetes in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QDScore BMJ 2009;336:1475-82.
• Carlsson S, Midthjell K, Grill V. Smoking is associated with an in- creased risk of type 2 diabetes but a decreased risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults: an 11-year follow-up of incidence of diabetes in the Nord-Trondelag study Diabetologia 2004;47:1953-6. [CrossRef]
• Eliasson B. Cigarette smoking and diabetes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2003;45:405-13. [CrossRef]
• van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:201-9.
• Healton CG, Vallone D, McCausland KL, Xiao H, Green MP. Smoking, obesity, and their co-occurrence in the United States: cross sectional analysis. BMJ 2006;333:25-6. [CrossRef]
• Thresia CU, Thankappan KR, Nichter M. Smoking cessation and diabetes control in Kerala, India: an urgent need for health edu- cation. Health Educ Res 2009;24:839-45. [CrossRef] Saeed A. A..