Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-3 Expressions in the Intervertebral Disc of Rats with Aging

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2012 Sayı: 4, 354 - 357, 01.04.2012

Ufuk Taş Özgü İşgüzar Sevil Çaylı Sibel Barış Ayhan Bozkurt Ahmet İnanır Birsen Özyurt Bilge Can Seda Ocaklı Sırrı Bilge Hatice Türe Zafer İsmail Karaca Mustafa Sarsılmaz

https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.079

Öz

Objective: The intervertebral disc (IVD) undergoes biochemical and morphologic degenerative changes during the process of aging. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel proteins that facilitate water and small solute movement in tissues and may have a potential role in the aging degeneration of IVDs. One of the important problems in understanding disc degeneration is to find cellular molecules which contribute to the pathogenesis of IVDs. XThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the expression of aquaporin 1 and 3 in nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF) cells of rat lumbar intervertebral discs from both young and aged animals using immunohistochemistry. Material and Methods: Twenty Wistar-albino rats were included in the study. The rats were separated into two groups: 2-month-old rats (n=10) as the young group, 18-month-old rats (n=10) as the old group. The intervertebral disc tissues obtained from the lumbar spine (L1–L4, 4 discs) were used for immunohistochemical staining of AQP-1 and 3. Results: This study demonstrated that AQP-1 and AQP-3 immunoreactivity significantly decreased in NP and AF of aged rats compared to the young rats. Conclusion: We suggest that AQP-1 and 3 may contribute to the age related degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Turkish Başlık: Sıçanlarda yaşlanmayla intervertebral diskte aquaporin-1 ve aquaporin-3 ekspresyonu Amaç: İntervertebral disk (IVD) yaşlanma süreciyle biyokimyasal ve morfolojik değişikliklere uğrar. Aquaporinler (AQP) dokuda suyun ve erimiş küçük moleküllerin hareketini kolaylaştıran bir su kanalı proteini ailesidir ve IVD'in yaşlanmayla dejerasyonunda potansiyel bir role sahip olabilir. Disk dejenerasyonunu anlamakta en önemli sorunlardan biri IVD patogenezine katkıda bulunan hücresel molekülleri bulmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı genç ve yaşlı sıçan IVD'lerinde nukleus pulposus (NP) ve annulus fibrosus (AF) hücrelerinde AQP 1 ve 3 ekspresyonlarını immunohistokimya kullanarak göstermekti. Yöntemler ve Gereç: Çalışmada 20 Wistar-albino sıçanı kullanıldı. Sıçanlar iki gruba ayrıldı: 2 aylık sıçanlar (n=10) genç grubu, 18 aylık sıçanlar (n=10) yaşlı grubu oluşturdu. AQP -1 ve 3'ün immunohistokimyasal boyaması için lomber omurgadan (L1-L4, 4 disk) IVD dokuları elde edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada gençlere kıyasla yaşlı sıçanların NP ve AF'larında AQP-1 ve AQP-3 immunoreaktivitesi belirgin şeklide azalmış bulundu. SONUÇ: AQP-1 ve 3'ün IVD'in yaşla gelişen dejenerasyonuna katkıda bulunabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intervertebral disc, aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3, immunohistochemistry, aging, rat

Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-3 Expressions in the Intervertebral Disc of Rats with Aging

Öz

Kaynakça

• Yaksh TL. Pharmacology of spinal noradrenergic systems which modulate spinal nociceptive processing. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1985;22:845-58. [CrossRef]
• Kalso EA, Poyhia R, Rosenberg PH. Spinal antinociception by dex- medetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991;68:140-3. [CrossRef]
• Kendig JJ, Savola MK, Woodley SJ, Maze M. Alpha 2-adrenorecep- tors inhibit a nociceptive response in neonatal rat spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;192:293-300. [CrossRef]
• Stevens CW, Brenner GM. Spinal administration of adrener- gic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;316:205-10. [CrossRef]
• Yaksh TL, Rudy TA. Chronic catheterization of the spinal subarach- noid space. Physiol Behav 1976;17:1031-6. [CrossRef]
• Archer DP, Lamberty Y, Wang B, Davis MJ, Samanani N, Roth SH. Levetiracetam reduces anesthetic-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Anesth Analg 2007;104:180-5. [CrossRef]
• Yamamoto T, Nozaki-Taguchi N, Chiba T. Analgesic effect of intra- thecally administered orexin-A in the rat formalin test and in the rat hot plate test. Br J Pharmacol 2002;137:170-6. [CrossRef]
• Hodgson PS, Neal JM, Pollock JE, Liu SS. The neurotoxicity of drugs given intrathecally (spinal). Anesth Analg 1999;88:797-809. [CrossRef]
• Gordh T Jr, Post C, Olsson Y. Evaluation of the toxicity of subarach- noid clonidine, guanfacine, and substance P-antagonist on rat spinal cord and nerve roots: Light and electron microscopic observations after chronic intrathecal administration. Anesth Analg 1986;65:1303-11.
• Koizumi Y, Matsumoto M, Yamashita A, Tsuruta S, Ohtake T, Sakabe T. The effects of an AMPA receptor antagonist on the neurotoxic- ity of tetracaine intrathecally administered in rabbits. Anesth Analg 2006;102:930-6. [CrossRef]
• Xu M, Kontinen VK, Kalso E. Effects of radolmidine, a novel alpha2- adrenergic agonist compared with dexmedetomidine in different pain models in the rat. Anesthesiology 2000;93:473-81. [CrossRef]
• Eisenach JC, DuPen S, Dubois M, Miguel R, Allin D. Epidural cloni- dine analgesia for intractable cancer pain. The Epidural Clonidine Study Group. Pain 1995;61:391-9. [CrossRef]
• Ishii H, Kohno T, Yamakura T, Ikoma M, Baba H. Action of dexme- detomidine on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the rat spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 2008;27:3182-90. [CrossRef]
• Konakci S, Adanir T, Yilmaz G, Rezanko T. The efficacy and neurotox- icity of dexmedetomidine administered via the epidural route. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008;25:403-9. [CrossRef]
• Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alamed- dine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the charactheristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006;50:222-7. [CrossRef]
• Fisher B, Zornow MH, Yaksh TL, Peterson BM. Antinociceptive properties of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;192:221-5. [CrossRef]
• Hodgson PS, Neal JM, Pollock JE, Liu SS. The neurotoxicity of drugs given intrathecally (spinal) Anesth Analg 1999;88:797-809. [CrossRef]
• Eisenach JC, De Kock M, Klimscha W. Alpha (2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia: A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995). Anesthesiology 1996;85:655-74. [CrossRef]
• Takano Y, Yaksh TL. Relative efficacy of spinal alpha-2 agonists, dex- medetomidine, clonidine and ST-91, determined in vivo by using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, an irreversible antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991;258:438-46.
• Virtanen R, Savola JM, Saano V, Nyman L. Characterization of the se- lectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an alpha 2-ad- renoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;150:9-14. [CrossRef]
• Durant PA, Yaksh TL. Epidural injections of bupivacaine, morphine, fen- tanyl, lofentanil, and DADL in chronically implanted rats: a pharmaco- logic and pathologic study. Anesthesiology 1986;64:43-53. [CrossRef]