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Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 1, 74 - 79, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090

Öz

Objective: To assess the prevalence of medication and nutritional supplement use in male Football Super League players and to observe the long term changes of players' attitudes during 5 years period (4 seasons). Study Design: Retrospective study. Material and Methods: Review and analysis of 4176 doping control forms -declaration reports- about players' medication intake including; Super League, UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League matches. Team physician was asked to document all medications and nutritional supplements taken by the Football Super League players in the last 72 hours before each match. Results: A total intake of 5939 substances were documented, of which almost half 49.2% (n=2921) were classified as medications and 50.8% (n=3018) were nutritional supplements. The average consumption per player was 1.42 substance/match; 0.70 were medications and 0.72 of nutritional supplements. The supplements used most frequently were NSAIDs 24.6% (n=1460) accounting for almost one in four of all reported supplements. Diclofenac Sodium was the most frequently reported active pharmaceutical ingredient. Second most frequently used supplements were vitamins (22.2%). The average drug consumption reported per player has been increasing every passing year. It was 0.7 substance/match/player (0.4 medication; 0.3 nutritional supplement) in 2003-2004 season; was increased to 1.8 substance/match (0.8 medication; 1.0 nutritional supplement) in 2006-2007 season. Conclusion: The trends seen in this survey point to an overuse of NSAIDs and vitamins in comparison with other medications, amoung Turkish Super League football players (p<0.001). The use of NSAIDs has increased but the medication groups did not differ significantly between seasons, in terms of distribution. This increasing use of medications especially of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nutritional supplements is alarming and needs to be argued. Turkish Başlık: Spor Hekimliğinde Koruyucu Tıp Bakış Açısı: 2003 ve 2008 yılları Arası 5 yıllık dönemde profesyonel futbolcuların ilaç ve besin takviyeleri kullanım trendleri Anahtar Kelimeler: Kullanımı serbest ilaçlar, besin takviyeleri, doping Amaç: Futbol Süper Ligi oyuncuları (erkek) arasında ilaç ve besin takviyesi kullanımının yaygınlığını değerlendirmek ve 5 yıllık dönemde (4 sezon) sporcuların ilaç kullanımlarındaki uzun vadeli değişimleri görebilmek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Futbolcuların ve futbol takım doktorlarının her müsabaka öncesi 72 saatlik süre içerisinde kullandıkları ilaçları bir raporlarla bildirimleri zorunludur. Bu çalışmada futbolcuların; Süper Lig, UEFA Kupası, ve UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi maçları öncesi bildirim zorunluluğu olan 4176 adet doping kontrol ve ilaç bildirim raporunun değerlendirilmesi ve analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Kaydedilen toplam 5939 farmakolojik maddeden % 49.2'si (n=2921) tıbbi ilaç; % 50.8'i (n=3018) besin takviyesi idi. Oyuncularda maç başına kullanılan madde ortalama 1.42 adetti. Bunun yaklaşık olarak eşit bir dağılımla; 0.70'sinin ilaç, 0.72' sinin besin takviyesi olduğu görüldü. En çok kullanılan ilaç %24.6'lık oranla (n=1460) NSAİİ grubuydu. Bu sonuçla neredeyse raporlanan her dört maddeden birinin NSAİİ olduğu görüldü. Diklofenak sodyum kullanımı en sık olan NSAİİ olarak bulundu. NSAİİ grubunu %22.2'lik oranla vitaminler izliyordu. Her oyuncu için maç başı ortalama ilaç kullanımı her sene artan bir oranla; 2003-2004 sezonunda 0.7 (0.4'ü ilaç, 0.3'ü besin takviyesi) iken, oranın 2006-2007 sezonunda 1.8 e (0.8'i ilaç, 1.0'i besin takviyesi) kadar yükseldiği görüldü. Sonuç: Bu araştırma Türkiye'de Süper Lig Futbolcuları arasında ilaç kullanım eğiliminde NSAİİ'ların ve vitaminlerin diğer ilaçlara göre aşırı kullanımını işaret etmektedir (p<0.001). Sezonlar arasında dağılım bağlamında bakıldığında NSAİİ kullanımı artmakla beraber kullanılan ilaç gruplarının birbirine oranları anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. Sporcularda ilaçların ve besin takviyelerinin artan kullanımı endişe vericidir ve bulgular konunun yeni çalışmalarla desteklenme ve tartışılma ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Blatter J. S. FIFA’s commitment to doping free football. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:i1. [CrossRef]
  • Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, D’Hooghe M, Kirkendall D, Taennler H, Saugy M. FIFA’s approach to doping in football. Br J Sports Med 2006;40Suppl I:i3-12. [CrossRef]
  • Paoloni JA, Orchard JW. The use of therapeutic medications for soft-tissue injuries in sports medicine. MJA 2005;183:384-8.
  • Baker J, Cotter JD, Gerrard DF, Bell ML, Walker RJ. Effects of indomethacin and celecoxib on renal function in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005:37:712-7. [CrossRef]
  • Schwenk TL, Costley CD. When food becomes a drug:nonanabolic nutritional supplement use in athletes. Am J Ortho Soc Sports Med 2002;30:907-16.
  • Taioli E. Use of permitted drugs in Italian professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:439-41. [CrossRef]
  • Waddington I, Malcolm D, Roderick M, Naik R. Drug use in English professional football. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:e18. [CrossRef]
  • Tscholl PM, Junge A, Dvorak J. The use of medication and nutritional supplements during FIFA World Cups 2002 and 2006. Br J Sports Med 2008;42:725-30. [CrossRef]
  • Dvorak J, McCrory P, D’Hooghe M. FIFA’s future activities in the fight against doping. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:i58-9. [CrossRef] Regulations - Doping Control for FIFA Competitions and Out of Competition. Accessed at:http://de.fifa.com/mm/document/ afdeveloping/medical/6.17.%20fifa%20doping%20control%20 regulations_1533.pdf, on January 10, 2012.
  • Tscholl P, Alonso JM, Dollé G, Junge A, Dvorak J. The use of drugs and nutritional supplements in top-level track and field athletes. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:133-40. [CrossRef]
  • Thuyne WV, Delbeke FT. Declared use of medication in sports. Clin J Sport Med 2008;18:143-7. [CrossRef]
  • Corrigan B, Kazlauskas R. Medication Use in Athletes Selected for Doping Control at the Sydney Olympics (2000). Clin J Sport Med 2003;13:33-40. [CrossRef]
  • Huang SH, Johnson K, Pipe AL. The use of dietary supplements and medications by Canadian athletes at the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games. Clin J Sport Med 2006;16:27-33. [CrossRef]
  • Alaranta A, Alaranta H, Holmila J, Palmu P, Pietilä K, Helenius I. Self-reported attitudes of elite athletes towards doping:differences between type of sport. Int J Sports Med 2005;27:842-6. [CrossRef]
  • Alaranta A, Alaranta H, Heliövaara M, Airaksinen M, Helenius I. Ample use of physician-prescribed medications in Finnish elite athletes. Int J Sports Med 2006;27:919-25. [CrossRef]
  • Dieppe PA, Ebrahim S, Martin RM, Jüni P. Lessons from the withdrawal of rofecoxib. BMJ 2004;329:867-8. [CrossRef]
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NHS Guidelines. Accessed at http://www.cks.nhs.uk/CksContent/TopicReview/ PreviousVersions/nonsteriodal_anti_inflammatory_drugs.pdf, on January 14, 2012.
  • Burke L, Deakin V. Nutritional Supplements in Clinical Sports Nutrition. Sydney:McGraw-Hill Australia, 2006.

Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 1, 74 - 79, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Blatter J. S. FIFA’s commitment to doping free football. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:i1. [CrossRef]
  • Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, D’Hooghe M, Kirkendall D, Taennler H, Saugy M. FIFA’s approach to doping in football. Br J Sports Med 2006;40Suppl I:i3-12. [CrossRef]
  • Paoloni JA, Orchard JW. The use of therapeutic medications for soft-tissue injuries in sports medicine. MJA 2005;183:384-8.
  • Baker J, Cotter JD, Gerrard DF, Bell ML, Walker RJ. Effects of indomethacin and celecoxib on renal function in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005:37:712-7. [CrossRef]
  • Schwenk TL, Costley CD. When food becomes a drug:nonanabolic nutritional supplement use in athletes. Am J Ortho Soc Sports Med 2002;30:907-16.
  • Taioli E. Use of permitted drugs in Italian professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:439-41. [CrossRef]
  • Waddington I, Malcolm D, Roderick M, Naik R. Drug use in English professional football. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:e18. [CrossRef]
  • Tscholl PM, Junge A, Dvorak J. The use of medication and nutritional supplements during FIFA World Cups 2002 and 2006. Br J Sports Med 2008;42:725-30. [CrossRef]
  • Dvorak J, McCrory P, D’Hooghe M. FIFA’s future activities in the fight against doping. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:i58-9. [CrossRef] Regulations - Doping Control for FIFA Competitions and Out of Competition. Accessed at:http://de.fifa.com/mm/document/ afdeveloping/medical/6.17.%20fifa%20doping%20control%20 regulations_1533.pdf, on January 10, 2012.
  • Tscholl P, Alonso JM, Dollé G, Junge A, Dvorak J. The use of drugs and nutritional supplements in top-level track and field athletes. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:133-40. [CrossRef]
  • Thuyne WV, Delbeke FT. Declared use of medication in sports. Clin J Sport Med 2008;18:143-7. [CrossRef]
  • Corrigan B, Kazlauskas R. Medication Use in Athletes Selected for Doping Control at the Sydney Olympics (2000). Clin J Sport Med 2003;13:33-40. [CrossRef]
  • Huang SH, Johnson K, Pipe AL. The use of dietary supplements and medications by Canadian athletes at the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games. Clin J Sport Med 2006;16:27-33. [CrossRef]
  • Alaranta A, Alaranta H, Holmila J, Palmu P, Pietilä K, Helenius I. Self-reported attitudes of elite athletes towards doping:differences between type of sport. Int J Sports Med 2005;27:842-6. [CrossRef]
  • Alaranta A, Alaranta H, Heliövaara M, Airaksinen M, Helenius I. Ample use of physician-prescribed medications in Finnish elite athletes. Int J Sports Med 2006;27:919-25. [CrossRef]
  • Dieppe PA, Ebrahim S, Martin RM, Jüni P. Lessons from the withdrawal of rofecoxib. BMJ 2004;329:867-8. [CrossRef]
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NHS Guidelines. Accessed at http://www.cks.nhs.uk/CksContent/TopicReview/ PreviousVersions/nonsteriodal_anti_inflammatory_drugs.pdf, on January 14, 2012.
  • Burke L, Deakin V. Nutritional Supplements in Clinical Sports Nutrition. Sydney:McGraw-Hill Australia, 2006.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ethem Kavukcu Bu kişi benim

Kamil Mehmet Burgazlı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavukcu, E., & Burgazlı, K. M. (2013). Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football. Balkan Medical Journal, 2013(1), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090
AMA Kavukcu E, Burgazlı KM. Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football. Balkan Medical Journal. Ocak 2013;2013(1):74-79. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090
Chicago Kavukcu, Ethem, ve Kamil Mehmet Burgazlı. “Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements During 5 Years Period Between 2003 and 2008 in Football”. Balkan Medical Journal 2013, sy. 1 (Ocak 2013): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090.
EndNote Kavukcu E, Burgazlı KM (01 Ocak 2013) Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football. Balkan Medical Journal 2013 1 74–79.
IEEE E. Kavukcu ve K. M. Burgazlı, “Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football”, Balkan Medical Journal, c. 2013, sy. 1, ss. 74–79, 2013, doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090.
ISNAD Kavukcu, Ethem - Burgazlı, Kamil Mehmet. “Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements During 5 Years Period Between 2003 and 2008 in Football”. Balkan Medical Journal 2013/1 (Ocak 2013), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090.
JAMA Kavukcu E, Burgazlı KM. Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football. Balkan Medical Journal. 2013;2013:74–79.
MLA Kavukcu, Ethem ve Kamil Mehmet Burgazlı. “Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements During 5 Years Period Between 2003 and 2008 in Football”. Balkan Medical Journal, c. 2013, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 74-79, doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.090.
Vancouver Kavukcu E, Burgazlı KM. Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football. Balkan Medical Journal. 2013;2013(1):74-9.