Oral Health, Obesity Status and Nutritional Habits in Turkish Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Study

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 364 - 372, 01.03.2016

Servet Kesim Betül Çiçek Cüneyt Asım Aral Ahmet Öztürk Mümtaz Mustafa Mazıcıoğlu Selim Kurtoğlu

Öz

Background: Studies evaluating the relationship between oral health status and obesity have provided conflicting data. Therefore, there is a great need to investigate and clarify the possible connection in a comprehensive sample. Aims: To assess the relationship of obesity and oral health status among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years-old. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were obtained from 4,534 children and adolescents (2,018 boys and 2,516 girls). Questionnaires were sent home prior to examination; afterwards, anthropometric and dental data were collected from participants. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition (DMFT), and deciduous dentition (dmft) index were used to measure oral health status. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage were analyzed.   Results: For DMFT scores, healthy (score=0) girls and boys had significantly higher BMI and WC values than unhealthy (score>1) girls and boys (p<0.05). Healthy girls had higher fat percentage values than unhealthy girls (p<0.05). In terms of CPI scores, healthy boys had lower BMI and WC values than unhealthy boys (p<0.05). According to multiple binary logistic regression results for model 1, BMI predicted DMFT scores in both genders but CPI scores only in boys. No beverage consumption predicted DMFT scores in boys, while milk consumption predicted DMFT scores in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores in boys. For model 2, WC predicted DMFT scores in both genders and CPI scores only in boys. Milk consumption predicted DMFT scores only in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores for both gender (p<0.05). According to DMFT, there were significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups (normal weight, overweight and obese) at the age of 7 (girls only), 9, 10, and 16 (boys only) years and overall (only girls) (p<0.05). According to CPI, significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups at the age of 16 (boys only) and 17 (girls only) were seen (p<0.05).  Conclusion: Periodontal and dental status appears to correlate with nutritional habits and obesity. Obesity and dental/periodontal diseases are multifactorial diseases that follow similar risk patterns and develop from an interaction between chronic conditions originating early in life. It is important for all health professionals to educate patients at risk about the progression of periodontal and dental diseases and the importance of proper oral hygiene.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescents, children, nutrition, obesity

Kaynakça

• 1. Han DH, Lim SY, Sun BC, Paek DM, Kim HD. Visceral fat area-defined obesity and periodontitis among Koreans. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:172-9. [CrossRef]
• 2. Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Koga T, Tsuzuki M, Ohshima A. Relationship between upper body obesity and periodontitis. J Dent Res 2001;80:1631-6. [CrossRef]
• 3. Al-Zahrani MS, Bissada NF, Borawski EA. Obesity and periodontal disease in young, middle-aged, and older adults. J Periodontol 2003;74:610ç-5.
• 4. Albandar JM, Tinoco EM. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000 2002;29:153-76. [CrossRef]
• 5. Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Koyama R, Tsuneishi M, Naito K, Tobe K. Relationship between body mass index and periodontitis in young Japanese adults. J Periodontal Res 2008;43:417-21. [CrossRef]
• 6. Oral Health Surveys, Basic Methods, 4th ed.: Geneva: WHO.; 1997 [cited 2011 December 21st]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/1997/9241544937.pdf.
• 7. Willerhausen B, Blettner M, Kasaj A, Hohenfellner K. Association between body mass index and dental health in 1,290 children of elementary schools in a German city. Clin Oral Investig 2007;11:195-200. [CrossRef]
• 8. Qadri G, Alkilzy M, Feng YS, Splieth C. Overweight and dental caries: the association among German children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014.
• 9. Sakeenabi B, Swamy HS, Mohammed RN. Association between obesity, dental caries and socioeconomic status in 6- and 13-yearold school children. Oral Health Prev Dent 2012;10:231-41.
• 10. Costacurta M, Di Renzo L, Bianchi A, Fabiocchi F, De Lorenzo A, Docimo R. Obesity and dental caries in paediatric patients. A cross-sectional study. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2011;12:112-6.
• 11. Costacurta M, DiRenzo L, Sicuro L, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A, Docimo R. Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2014;15:343-8.
• 12. Macek MD, Mitola DJ. Exploring the association between overweight and dental caries among US children. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:375-80.
• 13. Pinto A, Kim S, Wadenya R, Rosenberg H. Is there an association between weight and dental caries among pediatric patients in an urban dental school? A correlation study. J Dent Educ 2007;71:1435-40.
• 14. Freitas AR, Aznar FD, Tinos AM, Yamashita JM, Sales-Peres A, Sales-Peres SH. Association between dental caries activity, quality of life and obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Int Dent J 2014;64:318-23. [CrossRef]