An Overview of Azadiractin

Öz

In order to reduce crop losses in agricultural production, the use of pesticides will continue in the future as it is today, unless practical and effective alternative methods are developed to control pests. However, the increasing awareness of the negative effects of conventional pesticides on the environment and human health and the development of resistance (especially cross-resistance) of pests to the pesticides used, lead to the search for alternative control methods or low-risk pesticides. Among the various alternatives, there has been a renewed interest in organic plant-derived compounds, especially so-called allelochemicals. Today, azadirachtin [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)], a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the neem seed of the Indian neem tree, is one of the leading commercialized biopesticides. It also remains the most successful botanical pesticide used in agricultural control worldwide. Azadirachtin has low toxicity and low residues against biological control agents such as predators and parasitoids. It also exhibits strong antifeedant and insect growth regulator effects on insect pests. This review covers all aspects of azadirachtin-based insecticides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• azadirachtin,
• insecticide
• insect
• control

Azadiraktin Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Tarımsal üretimde ürün kayıplarını azaltmak amacıyla, zararlı böceklerle mücadelede pratik ve etkili alternatif yöntemler geliştirilmedikçe pestisitlerin kullanımı günümüzde olduğu gibi gelecekte de devam edecektir. Ancak, sentetik pestisitlerin çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileriyle ilgili farkındalığın artması ve zararlı böceklerin kullanılan pestisitlere karşı direnç (özellikle çapraz direnç) geliştirmesi alternatif mücadele yöntemlerine ya da düşük riskli pestisit arayışlarına neden olmaktadır. Çeşitli alternatifler arasında da özellikle allelokimyasallar olarak adlandırılan organik bitki türevi bileşiklere olan ilgi yeniden artmıştır. Günümüzde, Hint neem ağacının neem tohumundan elde edilen bir tetranortriterpenoid olan azadiraktin [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)], ticarileştirilen önde gelen biyopestisitlerden biridir. Ayrıca zirai mücadelede kullanılan azadiraktin dünya çapında en başarılı botanik pestisit olmaya da devam etmektedir. Azadiraktinin, biyolojik mücadele etmenleri olan predatörlere ve parazitoitlere karşı düşük toksisiteye ve az kalıntı özelliğine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra zararlı böcekler üzerinde güçlü bir beslenme engelleyici ve böcek büyüme düzenleyici özellik de göstermektedir. Bu derleme, azadiraktinin kökenli insektisitleri bütün yönleriyle ele almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• azadiraktin
• insektisit
• böcek
• mücadele

Kaynakça

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