Pestisidlerin bakteriyel parçalanması

Öz

Tarımda kimyasal mücadele dünya çapında yaygın bir uygulama olup, bitkisel üretimde çeşitli amaçlara hizmet eder. Pestisitler, zararlılara ve hastalıklara karşı etkili bir kontrol yöntemi olarak işlev görür. Hızlı ve hedefli bir kontrol sağlayarak zararlı popülasyonlarını azaltabilir ve nispeten kısa bir sürede ürün hasarını en aza indirebilirler. Ancak, pestisitlerin yoğun kullanımı çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Çevrede kalıcı olabilir, besin zincirinde birikebilir ve insanlar da dahil olmak üzere hedef dışı organizmalara zarar verebilirler. Toprak ve su kaynakları bu pestisitlerle kirlenir. Pestisit kalıntılarının topraktan uzaklaştırılması karmaşık bir süreçtir çünkü topraktaki kalıntılar uzun süre kalabilir ve toprak profilinin derinliklerine nüfuz edebilir. Topraktaki pestisit kalıntılarını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilecek çeşitli yöntemler mevcuttur. Toprakta doğal olarak bulunan mikroorganizmalar, biyolojik süreçler yoluyla pestisit kalıntılarını parçalayabilir. Bakteriler, mantarlar ve diğer mikroorganizmalar pestisitleri daha basit ve daha az toksik bileşiklere parçalayabilir. Bakteri türleri, pestisitlerle kirlenmiş ortamların doğal olarak azaltılmasında ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmasında önemli rol oynarlar. Birçok bakteri türü pestisitleri parçalama yetenekleriyle bilinmektedir. Bunlardan öne çıkanlar şunlardır: Pseudomonas, Bacillus Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter ve Rhodococcus türleri. Bu derleme, pestisitleri güvenli ve etkili bir şekilde parçalama yeteneğine sahip bakteri türlerini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bakteri
• bio-parçalanma
• pestisid
• mikrobiyal parçalanma

Bacterial Biodegredation of Pesticides

Öz

Chemical control in agriculture is a common practice worldwide and serves several purposes in crop production. Pesticides act as an effective control way of pests and diseases. They can provide rapid and targeted control, reducing pest populations and minimizing crop damage in a relatively short period. However, the intensive use of pesticides has a negative impact on the environment and human health. They may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, and potentially harm non-target organisms, including humans. Soil and water sources are contaminated with these pesticides. Eliminating pesticide residues from soil is a complex process because residues in soil can persist for long periods and may penetrate deeper into the soil profile. Several methods can help mitigate pesticide residues in the soil. Microorganisms naturally present in the soil can degrade pesticide residues through biological processes. Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms can break down pesticides into simpler, less toxic compounds. Bacterial species play vital role in the natural attenuation and bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments. Several bacterial species are known for their ability to degrade pesticides. Some of the notable ones include: Pseudomonas, Bacillus Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter and Rhodococcus species. This review highlights bacterial strains having pesticide biodegradation capability in a the safety and effective way.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bacteria
• bio-degredation
• pesticide
• microbial degredation

Kaynakça

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