Penconazole Fungusidinin Allium cepa Kök Ucu Hücreleri Üzerindeki Genotoksik Etkisi

Öz

Öz: Pestisitler, tarımsal üretimde zararlı organizmaların neden olduğu verim kayıplarını önlemek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Triazol grubu fungusitlerden biri olan penconazole, mantarlarda ergosterol biyosentezini inhibe ederek etkisini göstermektedir. Ancak bu bileşiğin hedef dışı organizmalar üzerindeki toksik ve genotoksik etkileri giderek daha fazla dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, penconazole fungusitinin genotoksik potansiyeli Allium cepa L. kök ucu meristem hücreleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Negatif kontrol ve farklı konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan uygulama gruplarında kök büyümesi değerlendirilmiş, EC50 değeri belirlenmiş ve kromozomal anormallikler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, penconazole maruziyetinin kök büyümesini doza bağlı olarak azalttığını ve EC50 değerinin yaklaşık 2,5 µL olduğunu göstermiştir. Kromozomal analizlerde özellikle 10 ve 100 ppm konsantrasyonlarında kromozomal yapışıklık ve toplam anormallik oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artışlar tespit edilmiştir (P ≤ 0,01). Yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ise mitotik aktivitenin baskılanmasına bağlı olarak anormallik oranlarında azalma gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, penconazole fungusitinin A. cepa kök hücrelerinde doza bağlı genotoksik etki oluşturduğunu ve mitotik süreci olumsuz etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, penconazole kullanımının hedef dışı organizmalar ve çevresel sağlık açısından risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Penconazole
• Allium cepa
• genotoksisite
• fungisit
• kromozomal anormallikler
• pestisit.

The Genotoxic Effect of Penconazole Fungicide on Allium cepa Root Tip Cells

Öz

Abstract: Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent yield losses caused by harmful organisms. Penconazole, a triazole fungicide, exerts its antifungal activity by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. However, increasing evidence suggests that it may also induce toxic and genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. In this study, the genotoxic potential of penconazole was evaluated using Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells as a bioindicator model. Root growth inhibition, EC50 value, and chromosomal abnormalities were assessed in a negative control group and various treatment concentrations. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in root growth, and the EC50 value was determined to be approximately 2.5 µL. Cytogenetic analyses revealed statistically significant increases in chromosomal stickiness and total chromosomal abnormalities, particularly at 10 and 100 ppm concentrations (P ≤ 0.01). At higher concentrations, a decrease in abnormality frequency was observed, likely due to suppression of mitotic activity and increased cellular toxicity. These findings indicate that penconazole induces dose-dependent genotoxic effects in A. cepa root meristem cells and disrupts normal mitotic processes. The study highlights the potential ecological risks of penconazole exposure to non-target organisms and emphasizes the importance of careful fungicide application in agricultural practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Penconazole
• Allium cepa
• genotoxicity
• fungicide
• chromosomal abnormalities
• pesticide.

Kaynakça

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