The effect of natural weathering on color, glossiness and whiteness index of Monteri pine (Pinus radiata D Don) wood

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 116 - 126, 13.12.2022

Fatih Tonguç , Hüseyin Ali Ergül , Ümit Ayata

Öz

TThis study aims to investigate the effect of natural weathering on color parameters (C*, ho, a*, b*, L*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔH*, ΔC*, ∆L*, and ΔE*), glossiness values and whiteness index of Monteri pine (Pinus radiata D Don) wood. For this purpose, Monteri pine was exposed to the external environment of Bayburt City for 30 and 60 days. At the end of the specified periods, the changes in the surfaces of the wooden materials were determined. . According to the results obtained, the results of the analysis of variances belonging to all tests were obtained as significant. It was determined that red (a*) colour, chroma (C*) value and yellow (b*) colour values increased and lightness (L*) and hue angle (ho) values decreased as the weathering time increased from 30 days to 60 days. It was determined that the whiteness index values for the perpendicular and parallel directions of the fibers decreased as the weathering time increased. It is seen that the glossiness values measured at 20o, 60o, and 85o for the perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers change with the weathering times. It has been determined that natural weathering has a modifying effect on the color, glossiness, and whiteness index values of the surfaces of the Monteri pine wood used in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural weathering, Color, Glossiness, Whiteness index, Monteri pine

Monteri çamı (Pinus radiata D Don) odununda renk, parlaklık ve beyazlık indeksi üzerine doğal yaşlandırma uygulamasının etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Monteri çamı (Pinus radiata D Don) odununda renk parametreleri (C*, ho, a*, b*, L*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔH*, ΔC*, ∆L* ve ΔE*), parlaklık değerleri ve beyazlık indeksi üzerine doğal yaşlandırma uygulamasının etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, Monteri çamı Bayburt ili dış çevre ortamına 30 ve 60 gün süreleri boyunca bırakılmıştır. Belirtilen süreler sonlarında ahşap malzemelerin yüzeylerinde meydana gelen değişikler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bütün testlere ait olan varyans analizi sonuçları anlamlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Yaşlandırma süresinin 30 günden 60 güne doğru artmasıyla kırmızı (a*) renk tonu, kroma (C*) değeri ve sarı (b*) renk tonu değerlerinin arttığı ve ışıklılık (L*) ile ton açısı (ho) değerlerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Yaşlandırma süreleri arttığında liflere dik ve paralel yönleri için beyazlık indeksi değerlerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaşlandırma süreleri ile liflere dik ve paralel yönler için 20o, 60o ve 85o’de ölçülen parlaklık değerlerinin değiştiği görülmektedir. Yapılan doğal yaşlandırmanın çalışmada kullanılan Monteri çamı ahşabına ait yüzeylerinde renk, parlaklık ve beyazlık indeksi değerlerinin değiştirici bir etkide bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal Yaşlandırma, Renk, Parlaklık, Beyazlık indeksi, Monteri çamı

Kaynakça

• ASTM D 1641, (2004). Standard practice for conducting outdoor exposure test of varnishes, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States.
• ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• Baker, F.S. (1945). Effects of shade upon coniferous seedlings grown in nutrient solution. Journal of Forestry, 43(6), 428-435.
• Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T. and Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
• Bektaş, İ. (1995). Pinus radiata D. Don’un bazı mekanik özellikleri ve diğer bazı ağaç türleri ile karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Yayın No: 45(2), 135-151.
• Bibby, K.M. (1953). Experiments in pre-germination treatment of tree seed. New Zeal. Forest Serv. Forest Res. Inst. Forest Res. Notes, 1(7), 9-16.
• Cown, D.J. (1992). Corewood (Juvenile Wood) In Pinus radiata - should we be concerned?, New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 22(1), 87-95.
• Dubey, M.K., Pang, S., Chauhan, S. and Walker, J. (2016). Dimensional stability, fungal resistance and mechanical properties of radiata pine after combined thermo-mechanical compression and oil heat-treatment. Holzforschung, 70(8), 793-800. DOI: 10.1515/hf-2015-0174.
• Goudie, H.A. (1925). The remarkable pine, Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Austral. For try J. 8(1), 22-27.
• Herrera, R., Erdocia, X., Llano-Ponte, R. and Labidi, J. (2014). Characterization of hydrothermally treated wood in relation tochanges on its chemical composition and physical properties. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 107, 256-266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.03.010.
• Hwang, S.W. and Lee, W.H. (2011). The mechanical properties of heat-compressed radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) by compression set. Journal of The Korean Wood Science and Technology, 39(4), 311-317.
• ISO 2813, (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO 554, (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Kerber, P.R., Stangerlin, D.N., Pariz, E., de Melo, R.R., de Souza, A.P. and Calegari, L. (2016). Colorimetry and surface roughness of three amazon woods submitted to natural weathering. Nativa, Sinop, 4(5), 303-307. DOI: 10.14583/2318-7670.v04n05a06.
• Krugman, S.L. and James, L.J. (1974). Pinus L., Pine. In Seeds of woody plants in the United States. p. 598-638. C.S., Schopmeyer, tech. coord. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 450. Washington, DC.
• Lindsay, A.D. (1932). Report on Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in its native habitat. Australian Commonwealth Forestry Bureau. Bulletin, 10, 57 pp.
• Ma, S., Wei, M., Liang, J. and Luo, M.R. (2017). What Do We Need for Assessing Whiteness?, Advanced Graphic Communications and Media Technologies pp 25-31. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3530-2_4.
• MacDonald, J., Wood, R.F., Edwards, M.V. and Aldhous, J.R. (1957). Exotic forest trees in Great Britain. Forestry Comn., London, Bull. 30, 168 pp.
• McDonald, P.M. and Laacke, R.J. (1990). Pinus radiata D. Don, Monterey pine. In: Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H. (Eds.), Silvics of North America: Conifers, Agriculture Handbook, vol. 1. USDA Forest Service, pp. 433-441.
• Mohebby, B. and Saei, A.M. (2015). Effects of geographical directions and climatological parameters on natural weathering of fir wood. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 684-690. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.049.
• Oberhofnerová, E., Pánek, M. and García-Cimarras, A. (2017). The effect of natural weathering on untreated wood surface. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 19(2), 173-184. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000015.
• Park, K.S., Lee, H.H. and Kang, S.G. (2014). Physico-mechanical properties and optimum manufacturing conditions of Bi-Sn metal alloy impregnated wood composites. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 42(6), 691-699. DOI: 10.5658/WOOD.2014.42.6.691.
• Pawsey, C.K. (1950). Some observations upon the vegetative repro duction of Monterey pine. Australian Forestry, 14(2), 90-94.
• Roy, D.F. (1966). Silvical Characteristics of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). USDA Forest Service, Research Paper PSW-31. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, California, 21 pp.
• Ruter, J.M. and Van de Werken, H. (1986). Asexual propagation of selected Monterey pine Christmas trees for chlorosis resistance of alkaline sites. The Plant Propagator, 32(4), 10-14.
• Söğütlü, C. ve Sönmez, A. (2006). Değişik koruyucular ile işlem görmüş bazı yerli ağaçlarda UV ışınlarının renk değiştirici etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 151-159.
• Streitberger, H.-J. and Dössel, K.-F. (2008). Automotive Paints and Coatings, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
• Sudworth, G.B. (1908). Forest trees of the Pacific slope. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 441 p.
• Topalovic, T., Nierstrasz, V.A., Bautista, L., Jocic, D., Navarro, A. and Warmoeskerken, M.M. (2007). 446 Analysis of the effects of catalytic bleaching on cotton. Cellulose, 14, 385-400. DOI: 10.1007/s10570-007-9120-5.
• Uprichard, M.J. (2002). Introduction to Radiata Pine, its products, pulping properties, wood properties and chemistry pulp and paper from Radiata Pine (pp. 1-20). Carlton, Victoria: Appita and Forest Research.
• Yeo, W.S. (2021). Least Square Support Vector Regression-Based Model for Whiteness Index of Cotton Fabric Prediction. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-547102/v1.