Blueberry Harvest Mechanisms

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 168 - 176

Ali Tekgüler , Tugba Karaköse

https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1535416

Öz

Blueberry (Vacciniumcorymbosum L.) is a perennial plant that shed leaves in winter. It is from Ericaceae family and it is in the form of bushes. It grows in temperate climates and its motherland is America. It spread from American culture 110 years ago. It can grow in lightly textured and acidic soil. For this reason, the areas where agriculture can be done are limited. Because the production quantities are not enough, the selling prices are also high (Çelik H., 2008).
Grape berries can be harvested by hand and machine. For the Blueberry harvest, harvesters with three different types of harvesting mechanisms were produced. The first blueberry harvester was manufactured in 1956, adapted from a mechanical cranberry picker. This machine had a mechanism consisting of a six-row scraper stick (Farooque A., 2014).
These machines with high collection capacity reduce the need for labor and the cost of harvest. Blueberry manual harvesting hectare requires 1300 h of labor, while single row harvesting machine requires 25 h of labor/hectare. Thus, the cost of harvest falls from $ 2.8 per kg to $ 0.26 per kg (Takeda F. et.al., 2017).
These machines are not economical for medium and small sized farms. In machine harvest, there are some problems for this plant. These problems are fruit falling on the ground during fruit harvest, the harvest of fruit that has not reached sufficient maturity, fruit and plant damage during picking.
A lot of work has been done and continues to be done. However, sufficient harvesting efficiency has not yet been achieved. Blueberry should be harvested with a high quality and long shelf life that will appeal to the consumer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

blueberry,, harvest mechanism, machine

Maviyemiş hasat mekanizmaları

Öz

Maviyemiş (Vacciniumcorymbosum L.), kışın yapraklarını döken çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Ericaceae familyasından olup çalı formundadır. Ilıman iklimlerde yetişir ve anavatanı Amerika'dır. 110 yıl önce Amerikan kültüründen yayılmıştır. Hafif dokulu ve asidik topraklarda yetişebilir. Bu nedenle tarım yapılabilecek alanlar sınırlıdır. Üretim miktarları yeterli olmadığından satış fiyatları da yüksektir (Çelik H., 2008).
Maviyemiş taneleri elle ve makine ile hasat edilebilir. Maviyemiş hasadı için üç farklı hasat mekanizmasına sahip hasat makineleri üretilmiştir. İlk yaban mersini hasat makinesi, mekanik bir kızılcık toplayıcısından uyarlanarak 1956 yılında üretilmiştir. Bu makinenin altı sıralı kazıyıcı çubuktan oluşan bir mekanizması vardı (Farooque A., 2014).
Yüksek toplama kapasitesine sahip bu makineler, işgücü ihtiyacını ve hasat maliyetini azaltır. Maviyemiş elle hasadı hektar başına 1300 saat işçilik gerektirirken, tek sıralı hasat makinesi hektar başına 25 saat işçilik gerektirir. Böylece hasat maliyeti kg başına 2,8 dolardan kg başına 0,26 dolara düşer (Takeda F. ve diğerleri, 2017).
Bu makineler orta ve küçük ölçekli çiftlikler için ekonomik değildir. Makine hasadında bu bitki için bazı sorunlar vardır. Bu sorunlar meyve hasadı sırasında meyvenin yere düşmesi, yeterli olgunluğa ulaşmamış meyvelerin hasadı, toplama sırasında meyve ve bitkinin zarar görmesidir.
Bu konu ile ilgili çok fazla çalışma yapıldı ve yapılmaya devam ediliyor. Ancak yeterli hasat verimliliği henüz ulaşmamıştır. Maviyemiş, tüketicinin ilgisini çekecek yüksek kalitede ve uzun raf ömrüne sahip olarak hasat edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

blueberry, hasat mekanizmaları, makina

Kaynakça

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