E-TİCARETİN YÜKSELİŞİ: KENTSEL ALANA ETKİLER VE UYUMLANABİLİR MEKANSAL PLANLAMA İÇİN POLİTİKA ÖNERİLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 01 Sayı: 03, 271 - 290, 30.09.2023

Gizem Hayrullahoğlu Cigdem Varol

https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1325949

Öz

Bireylerin internet üzerinden alışveriş yapma alışkanlıkları teknolojik ve dijital dönüşümlerden olumlu yönde etkilenmektedir. Bunu takiben elektronik ticaret (e-ticaret) ekosistemindeki alıcı ve satıcı sayısındaki artışın kentsel alana doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri vardır. Özellikle ulaştırma, lojistik, perakende ve gayrimenkul sektörlerinde görülen ve adı geçen sektörlerin uyum sağlamasını gerektiren bu yeni gelişmenin kent planlamada yeterince dikkate alınmadığı açıktır. Bu araştırma, pandemi döneminin ardından yükselen e-ticaret faaliyetlerinin kentsel alana olası etkilerini değerlendirmekte ve kent planlamanın bu gelişmelere paralel olarak ne şekilde kurgulanabileceğine dair politikalar önermektedir. Bu etkiler; depolama alanı ve lojistik altyapı ihtiyacı, teslimatların yol açtığı trafik sıkışıklığı, fiziksel perakendenin azalan önemi ve talebin farklı gayrimenkul türlerine kayması olarak özetlenebilir. Bu amaçla araştırmada uyumlanabilir planlama yaklaşımı kuramsal olarak ele alınmakta, e-ticaretin kentsel alana etkilerini değerlendirebilmek amacıyla ilgili literatür taranarak sonuçlar ‘ulaştırma ve lojistik’ ile ‘perakende ve gayrimenkul’ olmak üzere iki başlıkta sınıflandırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma kapsamında kuramsal ve kavramsal araştırmalardan yola çıkarak e-ticarete ‘mekansal örgütlenme’ ile ‘politika ve düzenlemeler’ bağlamında uyumlanmaya yönelik politika önerileri içeren bir kent planlama çerçevesi oluşturulmaktadır. Kentsel alanda e-ticaret kaynaklı dönüşümlerin incelenmesinin kalkınma politikalarına ve kent planlamaya yön vereceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

E-Ticaret, Uyumlanabilir Planlama, Karmaşıklık

THE RISE OF E-COMMERCE: IMPACTS ON URBAN AREA AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADAPTIVE SPATIAL PLANNING POLICIES

Öz

Online shopping habits are being positively affected by technological and digital advancements. Subsequent increase in the number of both buyers and sellers within the electronic commerce (e-commerce) ecosystem exerts direct and indirect influences on urban areas. However, this significant development in the transportation, logistics, retail, and real estate sectors has not received adequate consideration within the realm of urban planning. This research endeavors to assess the potential impacts of e-commerce activities on urban areas, which have been amplified during the pandemic period, and seeks to propose policies aimed at aligning urban planning to this burgeoning trend. These impacts encompass the imperative need for warehousing and logistics infrastructure, the traffic congestion due to delivery services, the diminishing importance of physical retail spaces, and the shifting demand for various real estate types. To achieve this, the research delves into the theoretical underpinnings of an adaptive planning approach. It conducts a comprehensive review of the relevant literature to evaluate the effects of e-commerce on urban areas, and compiles the results under two distinct categories: ‘transportation and logistics’ and ‘retail and property’. Based on theoretical and conceptual research, an urban planning framework with policy recommendations is developed to adapt urban areas to e-commerce specifically concerning ‘spatial organization’ and ‘policies and regulations’. The analysis of e-commerce-induced transformations in urban areas is expected to guide development policies and urban planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

E-Commerce, Adaptive Planning, Complexity

Kaynakça

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