TÜRKİYE’DE DÜZEY 2 VE DÜZEY 3 BÖLGELERİ İÇİN İŞLERİN OTOMASYON RİSKİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 02, 93 - 122, 18.10.2024

Özlem Baran Kaya

https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1445257

Öz

Dijitalleşmenin etkisi ülkeler arasında farklılaşmakta, diğer yandan ülkelerin kendi sınırları dahilinde olan bölgeler de bu süreçten farklı düzeyde etkilenmektedir. Özellikle bölgesel eşitsizlikleri azaltmayı hedefleyen ülkeler için dijitalleşmenin bölgesel sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi çok önemlidir. Dijitalleşme ve bunun iş gücü piyasası üzerindeki etkisi konusunda giderek gelişen bir literatür olmasına rağmen, yerel düzeyde otomasyon riskine ilişkin değerlendirmeler sınırlıdır. Bu makale, Türkiye’de otomasyon etkisinin mekansal farklılıklarını inceleyerek bölgesel çalışmalar alanına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Farklı bölgelerin kendine özgü ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek mekana özgü müdahalelerin hazırlanmasına yönelik iç görüler sunmaktadır. Frey ve Osborne tarafından geliştirilen otomasyon riski metodolojisi kullanılarak, İBBS Düzey 2 ve Düzey 3 bölgeleri için otomasyon riskleri hesaplanmış ve dijital teknolojilerin bölgesel iş gücü piyasasına etkisi belirlenmiştir. Temel bulgu, Türkiye’deki çalışanların yüzde 54’ünün dijital dönüşüm nedeniyle işlerinden olma riskinin yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna ek olarak, imalat sektörünün baskın olduğu bölge ve şehirlerin otomasyon riskinin, Türkiye ortalamasının üstünde olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum, tüm bölgelere uyan tek bir yaklaşım yerine, aşağıdan yukarıya, mekan bazlı bir stratejiyi vurgulayan; özel, yerelleştirilmiş ulusal politikalara duyulan ihtiyacın altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşlerin Otomasyonu, Dijitalleşme, Bölgesel Otomasyon Riski, Dijital Dönüşüm

AUTOMATION RISK OF JOBS FOR NUTS II AND NUTS III REGIONS IN TÜRKİYE

Öz

The impact of digitalization varies across countries, while subregions within countries are also affected by this process at different levels. Especially for countries aiming to reduce regional disparities, it’s essential to assess the regional consequences of digitalization. Despite a growing body of literature on digitalization and its impact on the labour market, there is limited consideration of automation risk at the local level. This paper contributes to the field of regional studies by examining spatial variations in the effects of automation in Türkiye. It potentially offers insights for crafting localized interventions that can address the unique needs of different regions. By deploying the automation risk methodology developed by Frey and Osborne, automation risks are calculated for NUTS II and NUTS III regions and to determine the impact of digital technologies on the regional labour market. The primary finding reveals that 54 percent of employees in Türkiye are at high risk of job displacement due to digital transformation. Additionally, regions and cities with a strong focus on the manufacturing sector face above-average automation risks. This underscores the need for tailored, localized national policies instead of one-size-fits-all approach, emphasizing a bottom-up, place-based strategy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Automation of Jobs, Digitization, Automation Risk in Regions, Digital Transformation

Kaynakça

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