Tümevarımın İmkansızlığı ve Sorunlarına Bazı Çözümler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 95 - 109, 30.05.2023

Fikret Yılmaz

Öz

Bu çalışma, David Humes'in eleştirisiyle ortaya çıkan ve Tümevarım Problemi olarak bilinen eski bir sorunu incelemektedir. Makale, tümevarımsal akıl yürütmeyi çevreleyen sorunları ele alırken güvenilir bilimsel araştırma yürütmek için farklı yaklaşımları araştırmaktadır. Araştırmamız, Bayes'in teoremlerinin olasılıksal çerçeve güncellemeleri yoluyla belirsizlik altında yargıda bulunmaya yönelik çıkarımlarını incelemeyi içermektedir; Bilimsel Gerçekçilik, en sağlam teorilerimizin nesnel gerçekliği doğru bir şekilde temsil ettiğini iddia ederken, Yanlışlamacılık hipotezleri ampirik çelişki testine duyarlı veya bağışık olup olmadıklarına göre ayırır. Bu yaklaşımları kendi sınırlılıklarını kabul ederek karşılaştıran bu makale, tümevarımsal akıl yürütme ile uğraşırken çok sayıda yöntem kullanma ihtiyacının altını çizerken, bilimin epistemolojik kökenlerine ilişkin süregelen felsefi tartışmalara da katkıda bulunmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hume’un Problemi, Tümevarım Mantığı, Bayesyen Çıkarım, Bilimsel Gerçeklik

The Impossibility of Induction and Some Solutions to Its Problems

Öz

This study delves into an age old challenge known as the Problem of Induction that arose from David Humes critique. The paper explores different approaches for conducting reliable scientific inquiry while tackling issues surrounding inductive reasoning. Our investigation includes examining Bayes' theorems implications for judgment under uncertainty through its probabilistic framework updates; Scientific Realism purports that our most sound theories accurately represent objective reality while Falsificationism demarcates hypotheses based on whether they are susceptible or immune from empirical contradiction testing. By comparing these approaches while recognizing their respective limitations the paper underlines the need to employ a multiplicity of methods when dealing with inductive reasoning while also adding to ongoing philosophical debates concerning the epistemological roots of science.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hume’s Problem, Inductive Reasoning, Bayesian Refetance, Scientific Realism, Falsificationism

Kaynakça

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