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Güvenlik Politikaları Ekseninde Afrika Birliği: Teori ve Pratik

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12, 61 - 78, 01.06.2015

Öz

Security has been the primary agenda of the African continent which has been plagued by many political, economic and societal disadvantages. Considered as a joint platform to discuss the chronical problems of Africa and the ways out, the African Union is of crucial importance in terms of the continent’s future. This paper scrutinizes how the union evolved in the last 50 years, in responding to the security cases in the region, where the union revises its organizational structure accordingly. To this end, the paper firstly brings up the security approach of the organization as of its institutional norms and structure. Then, based on the factual examples it analyses if the principles and the organizational structure is consistent with the union’s security approach. The study shows that there is a transformation from idealism to rationalism in the union's security approach. Since its deterrence capacity has not been unsatisfying, the Union prefers more circumspect and impact-oriented policies. It is evaluated that circumstantial responses and passive positioning are the most important handicaps of the Union.  

Kaynakça

  • Agu, Sylvia Uchenna. “The African Union (AU) and the Challenges of Conf- lict Resolution in Africa.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2, No. 14 (2013): 280-292.
  • Akçay, Engin. vd. (Der). Half a Decade in Turkey: Ambassadorial Insights, An- kara: Turgut Özal University Publications, 2014.
  • Bamfo, Napoleon. “The Political and Security Challenges Facing ‘ECOWAS’ in the Twenty-first Century: Testing the Limits of an Organization’s Reputation.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, No. 3 (2013): 12-23.
  • Bujra, Abdalla. “African Conflicts: Their Causes and Their Political and Social Environment.” Development Policy Management Forum. No. 4 (2002):1-47.
  • Bûrvîn, Avd S. “Afrika Birliği ve Libya’nın Afrika Siyaseti.” TASAM, http:// www.tasamafrika.org/pdf/yayinlar/22-BRAKI.pdf Chigora, Percyslage. “The Challenges Facing African Union in Achieving Conti- nental Security: Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Some Enlightening Views at The New Millenium.” Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 10, No. 1 (2008): 66-83.
  • Clinton, Hillary R. (13 Haziran 2011). US Department of State. Remarks at Afri- can Union, http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2011/06/166028. htm
  • Grasa, Rafael ve Mateos, Oscar. “Conflict, Peace and Security in Africa: an As- sessment and New Questions After 50 Years of African Independence.” Institut Catala Internacional, No. 8 (2010): 1-46.
  • Heywood, Andrew, Politics, UK: Palgrave Foundations, 2007.
  • Hinjents, Helen M. “Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.” The Journal of
  • Modern African Studies, 37, No. 2 (1999): 241-286.
  • Karock, Ulrich. “The African Peace and Security Architecture:Still under cons- truction.” European Parliament Policy Department. No. PE 522.335 (2014): 1-8
  • Kavas, Ahmet. “İç Savaşlardan Bütünleşme Hareketlerine ve Kalkınma Hamle- lerine Afrika’nın Yeniden Dönüşümü.” Avrasya Etüdleri, 40, No. 2 (2011): 7-31.
  • Lindemann, Stefan. “Do Inclusive Elite Bargains Matter? A Research Framework for Understanding the Causes of Civil War in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Crisis States Research Centre. No. 15 (2008): 1-31
  • Mİller, Bjİrn. “The African Union As Security Actor: African Solutions To Af- rican Problems?”, Crisis States Research Centre, London: LSE DESTIN, 2009
  • Murithi, Tim. “The African Union’s evolving role in peace operations: The Afri- can Union Mission in Burundi, the African Union Mission in Sudan and the Afri- can Union Mission in Somalia”, African Security Review, 17, No. 1 (2008): 69-82
  • Omorogbe, Eki Y. “A Club of Incumbents? The African Union and Coups d’État.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 44, No. 123 (2011): 123-54
  • O’Neill, William G. ve Cassis, Violette. Protecting Two Million Internally Disp- laced: The Successes and Shortcomings of the African Union in Darfur. Bern:The Brookings Institution-University of Bern, 2005.
  • Paterson, Mark. The African Union At Ten: Problems, Progress and Prospect. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2012
  • Pierce, J. (2012). Control, Politics and Identity in the Angolan Civil War. African Affairs, 111, No. 444 (2012): 442-465.
  • Schulhofer-Wohl, Jonah. “Algeria (1992–present).” Virginia University, (2006): 103-124 http://faculty.virginia.edu/j.sw/uploads/research/Schulhofer-Wohl%20 2007%20Algeria.pdf
  • Williams, Christopher. “Explaining the Great War in Africa: How Conflict in the Congo Became a Continental Crisis.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37, No.2 (2013): 81-100.
  • Williams, Paul D. “The African Union’s Conflict Management Capabilities.”Council on Foreign Relations and Robina Foundation. (2011): 1-32

Güvenlik Politikaları Ekseninde Afrika Birliği: Teori ve Pratik

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12, 61 - 78, 01.06.2015

Öz

Siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal nitelikli pek çok dezavantajla anılan Afrika kıtasının kuşkusuz öncelikli gündemlerinden biri de güvenlik sorunudur. Bu doğrultuda, Afrika’nın kronik sorunlarının ve çözüm yollarının müzakere edilebileceği ortak bir platform olarak düşünülen Afrika Birliği, kıtanın geleceği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kurumsal yapılanmasını ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda revize eden örgütün, geride kalan yaklaşık yarım yüzyıllık sürede güvenlik sorunlarına yönelik tutumunda nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiği irdelenmektedir. Bu amaçla, örgütün güvenlik yaklaşımı öncelikle kurumsal normlar ve yapısal durum itibarıyla ortaya konmuştur. Ardından Birlik ilkelerinin ve organizasyonel yapısının güvenlik odaklı sorunlarda sergilenen yaklaşım ile ne derece tutarlı olduğu örnek olaylarla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemede, Birliğin güvenlik yaklaşımında idealizmden rasyonaliteye doğru bir dönüşüm yaşandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Caydırma kapasitesinin henüz tatminkar düzeyde olmadığından daha temkinli ve etki odaklı inisiyatiflerin tercih edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Konjonktürel davranma ve pasif konumlanma tercihlerinin ise Birliğin en önemli handikaplarından olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agu, Sylvia Uchenna. “The African Union (AU) and the Challenges of Conf- lict Resolution in Africa.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2, No. 14 (2013): 280-292.
  • Akçay, Engin. vd. (Der). Half a Decade in Turkey: Ambassadorial Insights, An- kara: Turgut Özal University Publications, 2014.
  • Bamfo, Napoleon. “The Political and Security Challenges Facing ‘ECOWAS’ in the Twenty-first Century: Testing the Limits of an Organization’s Reputation.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, No. 3 (2013): 12-23.
  • Bujra, Abdalla. “African Conflicts: Their Causes and Their Political and Social Environment.” Development Policy Management Forum. No. 4 (2002):1-47.
  • Bûrvîn, Avd S. “Afrika Birliği ve Libya’nın Afrika Siyaseti.” TASAM, http:// www.tasamafrika.org/pdf/yayinlar/22-BRAKI.pdf Chigora, Percyslage. “The Challenges Facing African Union in Achieving Conti- nental Security: Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Some Enlightening Views at The New Millenium.” Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 10, No. 1 (2008): 66-83.
  • Clinton, Hillary R. (13 Haziran 2011). US Department of State. Remarks at Afri- can Union, http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2011/06/166028. htm
  • Grasa, Rafael ve Mateos, Oscar. “Conflict, Peace and Security in Africa: an As- sessment and New Questions After 50 Years of African Independence.” Institut Catala Internacional, No. 8 (2010): 1-46.
  • Heywood, Andrew, Politics, UK: Palgrave Foundations, 2007.
  • Hinjents, Helen M. “Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.” The Journal of
  • Modern African Studies, 37, No. 2 (1999): 241-286.
  • Karock, Ulrich. “The African Peace and Security Architecture:Still under cons- truction.” European Parliament Policy Department. No. PE 522.335 (2014): 1-8
  • Kavas, Ahmet. “İç Savaşlardan Bütünleşme Hareketlerine ve Kalkınma Hamle- lerine Afrika’nın Yeniden Dönüşümü.” Avrasya Etüdleri, 40, No. 2 (2011): 7-31.
  • Lindemann, Stefan. “Do Inclusive Elite Bargains Matter? A Research Framework for Understanding the Causes of Civil War in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Crisis States Research Centre. No. 15 (2008): 1-31
  • Mİller, Bjİrn. “The African Union As Security Actor: African Solutions To Af- rican Problems?”, Crisis States Research Centre, London: LSE DESTIN, 2009
  • Murithi, Tim. “The African Union’s evolving role in peace operations: The Afri- can Union Mission in Burundi, the African Union Mission in Sudan and the Afri- can Union Mission in Somalia”, African Security Review, 17, No. 1 (2008): 69-82
  • Omorogbe, Eki Y. “A Club of Incumbents? The African Union and Coups d’État.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 44, No. 123 (2011): 123-54
  • O’Neill, William G. ve Cassis, Violette. Protecting Two Million Internally Disp- laced: The Successes and Shortcomings of the African Union in Darfur. Bern:The Brookings Institution-University of Bern, 2005.
  • Paterson, Mark. The African Union At Ten: Problems, Progress and Prospect. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2012
  • Pierce, J. (2012). Control, Politics and Identity in the Angolan Civil War. African Affairs, 111, No. 444 (2012): 442-465.
  • Schulhofer-Wohl, Jonah. “Algeria (1992–present).” Virginia University, (2006): 103-124 http://faculty.virginia.edu/j.sw/uploads/research/Schulhofer-Wohl%20 2007%20Algeria.pdf
  • Williams, Christopher. “Explaining the Great War in Africa: How Conflict in the Congo Became a Continental Crisis.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37, No.2 (2013): 81-100.
  • Williams, Paul D. “The African Union’s Conflict Management Capabilities.”Council on Foreign Relations and Robina Foundation. (2011): 1-32
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Engin Akçay Bu kişi benim

Bünyamin Dinçer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Akçay, E., & Dinçer, B. (2015). Güvenlik Politikaları Ekseninde Afrika Birliği: Teori ve Pratik. Bilge Strateji, 7(12), 61-78.