Responses of Two Soybean Cultivars on Growth and Development in Two Different Light Intensities

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 01.01.2020

Achmad Yozar Perkasa

Öz

Soybean is an important economic plant that prefers full sunlight and performs poor under shaded conditions that affect the reproductive phase of some soybean cultivars. The study aimed to find the interaction of soybean cultivars by comparing morphological, anatomical and physiological characters of two soybean cultivars on acidic soils under shaded and non-shaded conditions under West Java rainforest conditions to select against shade tolerance. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with two factors and used three replications. The main factor was the intensity of light (without and with 55% shading). The subfactor was soybean cultivars (Godek and Ceneng). The results showed positive effects of 55% shading on yield and yield components compared to those plants grown without shading. The 55% shaded plants had good growth with a large number of branches, leaf area index, leaf length, leaf width, and highest water content while non-shaded plants failed to grow properly with lower flowering, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, the number of root nodules and the sugar contents. The shaded plants also had the highest number of pods and pod weights after 8 weeks after sowing (WAS). It is concluded that high acidic Ultisol soil type can be managed to produce economic yields of soybean at pH of 4.8 which is below the recommended soil acidity under low shading conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soybean, Cultivars, Development, Growth, Light intensity

Kaynakça

• Anggraeni BW. 2010. Morpho-anatomical studies and soybean growth (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under low-intensity stress conditions. Thesis. Bogor Agricultural University.
• Anwari M. 1992. Adaptation of soybean genotype to shade. In: Machmud M, Kardin K, Gunarto L, editor. Commodity Research and Case Studies 1991. Bogor: Crops Research Institute. pp. 373-380.
• Arnon DI. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 24: 1-15.
• Baharsjah JS. 1980. Effect of shade at various stages of development and population of plants on growth, yield and component of soybean yield (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). PhD Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
• Bekere W, Kebede T, Dawud J. 2013. Growth and nodulation response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to lime, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and nitrogen fertilizer in acid soil. Inter J Soil Sci, 8(1): 25-31.
• Boardman NK. 1997. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shape plant. Annu Rev Plant Physiol, 28: 355-377.
• Chazdon RL, Pearcy RW, Lee DW, Fetcher N. 1996. Photosynthetic responses of tropical forest plants to contrasting light environmental. In: Mulkey SS, Chazdon RL, Smith AP, editor. Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology. New York: Chapman and Hall. pp. 5-55.
• da Mota FS. 1978. Soya Been and Weather. Swiss: World Meteorology Organization. Evita. 2011. Growth and yield of some soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on artificial shade. J Penlt Jambi University Sci Series, 13(2): 19-28.
• Fitter AH, Hay RKM. 1991. Physiology of Plant Environment. Andani S, Purbayanti ED, translator. Yogyakarta: UGM Pr. pp. 53-79.
• Franklin G. 1991. Crop Culture Physiology. Jakarta: UI Pr. p. 428.
• Gerriets M. 1993. To build a better soybean. Agr Res, 41(10): 5-11.
• Givnish TJ. 1988. Adaptation to sun and shade a whole-plant perspective. Aust J Plant Physiol, 15: 63-92.
• Hale MG, Orchutt DM. 1987. The physiology of plants under Stress. New York: John Willey and Sons.
• Hidema J, Makino A, Kurita Y, Mae T, Ohjima K. 1992. Changes in the level of chloropyhyll a/b protein of PSII in rice leaves agent under different irradiances from full expansion through senescence. Plant Cell Physiol, 33: 1209-1214.
• Jackson TL, Knox EG, Halvorson AR, Barker AS. 1967. Crop response to lime in the F. Western United States, p. 261-269. In: Pearson W and Adams, editors. Soil Acidity and Liming. Madison: Am Soc Agron, 274 pp.
• Jiang H, Egli DB. 1993. Shade induce change in flower and pod number and flower and fruit abscition in soybean. Agron J, 85: 221-225.
• Jumin HB. 1992. Plant ecology. Jakarta: Rajawali Pr.
• Justika SB, Suardi D, Las I. 1993. Climate relationship with soybean growth. In: Somaatmadja S, Ismunadji M, Sumarno, Sham M, Manurung SO, Yuswadi, editors. Soy. Bogor: Center for Food Crops Research and Development, pp. 87-102.
• Khumaida N, Soepandie D, Takano T. 2003. Adaptability of soybean to shade stress: Expression of photosynthetic genes in soybean genotypes. Proceeding of the 1st seminar toward harmonization between development and enviroment conservation in biological production. Tokyo: Tokyo University.
• Kochian LV, Hoekenga OA, Pineros MA. 2004. How do crop plants tolerate acid soil? Mechanism of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. Annual Rev Plant Biol, 55: 459-493.
• Kuswantoro H, Zen S. 2013. Performance of acid-tolerant soybean promising lines in two planting seasons. Int J Biol, 5: 49-56.
• Larcher W. 1975. Physiological Plant Ecology. New York: Springer-Verlag.
• Lee DW, Bone RA, Tarsis SL, Storch D. 1990. Correlates of leaf optical properties in tropical forest sun and exireme-shade paints. Amer J Bot, 77:370-380.
• Litouw LI. 2005. Efficiency of Solar Radiation Usage On Pakchoi Plant (Brassica chinensis L. Var.Chinensis). Thesis. Manado: Sam Ratulangi University.
• Liu B, Li Y, Liu X, Wang C, Jin J, Herbert SJ. 2011. Lower total soluble sugars in vegetative parts of soybean plants are responsible for reduced pod number under shading conditions. Aus J Crop Sci, 5(13): 1852-1857.
• Mariani SM. 2009. Effect of shade intensity and combination of N and P fertilization on growth, simplicia production and andrographolidean content at bitumen. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
• Ministry of Agriculture of The Republic of Indonesia. 2017. http:/deptan.go.id/bpsdm/ddppketindan/index.php/news/165-week-soy-national. (Access date: June 21, 2017).
• Muhuria L. 2007. Physiology Mechanism and Inheritance of Soy Tolerance (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Low Light Intensity. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
• Murche EH, Horton P. 1997. Acclimation of photosynthesis to irradiance and spectral quality in British plant spesies: chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and habitat preference. Plant Cell Environ, 20: 438-448.
• Pantilu LI, Mantiri FR, Ai NS, Pandiangan D. 2012. The morphological and anatomical responses of soybean sprouts (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to different light intensities. J Bioslogos 2(2): 79-87.
• Rose R, Rose CL, Omi SK, Forry KR, Durall DM, Bigg WL. 1991. Starch determination by perchloric acid vs enzymes: evaluating the accuracy and precision of six colorimetric methods. J Agric Food Chem, 39: 2–11.
• Saratha K, Hume DJ, Godfrey C. 2001. Genetic improvement in short season soybeans: matter accumulation, partitioning, and leaf area duration. Crop Sci, 41: 391-398.
• Silaen S. 2004. The effect of shading on the growth and production of some soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merril) in polybags. MS Thesis. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
• Sitompul SM, Guritno B. 1995. Analysis of plant growth. Yogyakarta: UGM Pr.
• Soepandie D, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Khumaida N. 2005. Physiology, genetic and molecular adaptation of soybean to low light intensity development of soybean superior varieties as intercropping plants. Year II Report of the HPTP Graduate-Research Grant. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
• Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2002. Plant Physiology. Massachussetts: Sinauer Associates Inc. Pub.
• Uexkull HR, Bosshart RP. 1982. Management of acid upland soils in Asia. In: Craswell ET and Pushparajah E, editor. Management of Acid Soils in the Humid Tropics of Asia. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 2-19.
• Wang XH, Xu KZ, Li DY, Zhang ZA, Wu ZH, Chen ZY, Zhang XR. 2007. Variation of soluble sugar content and specific leaf weight during the genetic improvement of soybean cultivars. Soybean Sci, 26: 879-884.
• Widiastuti SH. 1998. Analysis of growth and yield of soybean to shade with combination of chemical fertilizer and grean gaint NPK on coconut cultivation. Thesis. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
• Wilcox JR. 2001. Sixty years of improvement in publicly developed elite soybean lines. Crop Sci, 41: 1711-1716.
• Winarso FG. 1985. Processing of soybeans into oil and industrial ingredients. In: Somaatmaja S, Ismunadji M, Sumarno, Sham M, Manurung SO, Yuswandi, editors. Soy. Bogor: Center for Food Crops Research and Development, pp. 483-509.