Comparison of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts of Phytolacca americana Plant Based on Some Different Habitats from Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 6, 631 - 640, 15.11.2024

Tuğba Özbucak , Arzu Sağlam , Melek Çol Ayvaz

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1510394

Abstract

In this study, leaf and fruit samples of Phytolacca americana collected in the early, mature and senescence period from localities with different habitat characteristics (non-polluted, polluted and wetland) were studied. The total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity and iron (III) reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) of the water and methanol extracts of the samples dried in oven and at room temperature were evaluated and compared as statistically. According to the results of the analyses, the highest phenolic content (263.25 mg GAE/g sample) was found in the leaf parts of the plant collected from the wetland during the senescence period, dried at room temperature and extracted with water. The lowest phenolic content (0.22 mg GAE/g sample) was determined in water extract of the fruit parts of the plant collected from the same locality in the same period. Among the antioxidant activity values determined, the highest and lowest findings belong to these samples. It can be concluded that each tested variable is statistically significant for both the leaf and fruit parts, and by bringing these variables under suitable conditions, biochemically more efficient use of plants can be achieved.

Keywords

Growth season, Wetland, Polluted area, Total phenolic, DPPH, FRAP

References

• Akçam Oluk E. 2006. Plant cell suspension cultures and secondary metabolite production. Anadolu Univ J Sci Technol, 7(2): 303-310.
• Andriani Y, Mohamad H, Kassim MNI, Rosnan ND, Syamsumir DF, Saidin J, Amir H. 2017. Evaluation on Hydnophytum formicarum tuber from Setiu wetland (Malaysia) and Muara Rupit (Indonesia) for antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer potency against mcf-7 and HeLa cells. J Appl Pharm Sci, 7(9): 30-37.
• Bautista I, Boscaiu M, Lidón A, Linares JV, Lull C, Donat MP, Mayoral O, Vicente O. 2016. Environmentally induced changes in antioxidant phenolic compounds levels in wild plants. Acta Physiol Plant, 38: 9-24.
• Baytop T. 1994 Dictionary of Turkish plant names. Atatürk Culture, Language and History Institute. TDK Publications, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 578.
• Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. 1996. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of ‘Antioxidant Power’: The FRAP Assay. Anal Biochem, 239 (1): 70-76.
• Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidants determination using a stable free radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
• Çol Ayvaz M. 2015. Antioxidant activity of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Borage) grown and eaten as food in Ordu, Turkey. Herba Polonica, 61(4): 40-51.
• Davis PH. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 9 vols., University Press, Edinburgh, UK.
• Del Rio La, Pastori GM, Palma JM, Sandalio LM, Sevilla F, Corpas FJ, Jimenez A, Lopez-Huertas E, Hernandez JA. 1998. The activated oxygen role of peroxisomes in senescence. Plant Physiol, 116(4): 1195-1200.
• Dhawan D, Gupta J. 2016. Comparison of different solvents for phytochemical extraction potential from datura metel plant leaves. Int J Biol Chem, 11(1): 17-22.
• Diplock A. 1998. Healty lifestyles nutrition and physical activity: Antioxidant nutrients. ILSI Europe Concise Monog Ser, Belgium, pp: 59.
• Elez Garofulić I, Kruk V, Martić A, Martić I, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Dragović S, Dragović-Uzelac V. 2020. Evaluation of polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves and fruit extract obtained by optimized microwave-assisted extraction. Foods, 9(11): 1556.
• Elliot JG. 1999. Application of antioxidant vitamins in foods and beverages. Food Technol, 53: 46-48.
• Eray Vuran N, Türker M. 2021. Bitki doku kültürlerinde sekonder metabolit miktarını arttırmaya yönelik uygulamalar. Int J Adv Eng Pure Sci, 33(3): 487-498.
• Erol N, Saglam L, Saglam YS, Erol HS, Altun S, Aktas MS. 2019. The protection potential of antioxidant vitamins against acute respiratory distress syndrome: a rat trial. Inflammation, 42(5): 1585-1594.
• Faydaoğlu E, Sürücüoğlu MS. 2011. The use and economic importance of medicinal and aromatic plants from past to present. Kastamonu Univ J Fac Forest, 11(1): 52-67.
• Genç S, Soysal Mİ. 2018. Parametric and nonparametric post hoc tests. BSJ Eng Sci, 1(1): 18-27.
• Goktaş O, Gidik B. 2019. Uses of medicinal and aromatic plants. Bayburt Univ J Sci Technol, 2(1): 145-151.
• Goli Ah, Barzegar M, Sahari MA. 2005. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull extracts. Food Chem, 92(3): 521-525.
• Güner A. 2012. List of plants of Turkey - vascular plants. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg, Germany, pp: 1290.
• Hadjigogos K. 2003. The role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Panminerva Med, 45(1): 7-13.
• Harman D. 2009. Origin and evolution of the free radical theory of aging: a brief personal history, 1954–2009. Biogerontology, 10(6): 773-781.
• Jimenez A, Hernandez Ja, Pastori G, Del Rio La, Sevilla F. 1998. Role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle of mitochondria and peroxisomes in the senescence of pea leaves. Plant Physiol, 118(4): 1327-1335.
• Khanna RD, Karki K, Pande D, Negi R, Khanna RS. 2014. Inflammation, free radical damage, oxidative stress and cancer. Interdis J Microinflammation, 1: 1000109.
• Kim H, Chin KB. 2020. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves, fruit powder and CT fruit in pork patties during storage. Food Sci Anim Resour, 40: 881-895.
• Kiralan M, Bayrak A, Abdulaziz OF, Ozbucak T. 2012. Essential oil composition and antiradical activity of the oil of Iraq plants. Nat Prod Res, 26(2): 132-139.
• Kırıcı S. 2015. General status of medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. J Turkish Seed Growers Assoc, 15: 4-11.
• Liu W, Yin D, Li N, Hou X, Wang D, Li D, Li J. 2016. Influence of environmental factors on the active substance production and antioxidant activity in Potentilla fruticosa l. and its quality assessment, Sci Rep, 6: 28591.
• Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Fazelian M, Eslami B. 2009. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Diospyros lotus and Pyrus boissieriana growing in Iran. Pharmacogn Mag, 4(18): 122-126.
• Prochazkova D, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Singh DV. 2001. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Sci, 161(4): 765-771.
• Ravikiran G, Raju AB, Venugopal Y. 2011. Phytolacca americana; A Review. Int J Res Phorma Ceutical Biomed Sci, 2(3): 942-946.
• Rekatsina M, Paladini A, Piroli A, Zis P, Pergolizzi JV, Varrassi G. 2020. Pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review. Adv Ther, 37(1): 113-139.
• Sağlam NG. 2015. Leaf senescence: insights into its physiological and molecular regulation. Marmara J Sci, 3: 83-92.
• Sepahpour S, Selamat J, Abdul Manap MY, Khatib A, Abdull Razis AF. 2018. Comparative analysis of chemical composition, antioxidant activity and quantitative characterization of some phenolic compounds in selected herbs and spices in different solvent extraction systems. Molecules, 23(2): 402.
• Shinde A, Ganu J, Naik P. 2012. Effect of free radicals and antioxidants on oxidative stress. J Dental Allied Sci, 1(2): 63-66.
• Singleton VL, Rossi JA. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic, 16: 144-158.
• Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2002. Secondary metabolites and plant defense, Plant physiology, (Translation: Ismail Türkan), Palme Publishing House, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 283-307.
• Tubives. 2014. URL= http://www.tubives.com (accessed date: May 20, 2020).
• Wojdyło A, Oszmiański J. 2020. Antioxidant activity modulated by polyphenol contents in apple and leaves during fruit development and ripening. Antioxidants, 9(7): 567.
• Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Atkin Sl, Sahebkar A. 2020. Molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020: 8609213.
• Ye Z, Rodriguez R, Tran A, Hoang H, De Los Santos D, Brown S, Vellanoweth RL. 2000. The developmental transition to flowering represses ascorbate peroxidase activity and induces enzymatic lipid peroxidation in leaf tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci, 158(1-2): 115-127.
• Zheleva-Dimitrova Dzh. 2013. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of Amorpha fruticosa L. and Phytolacca americana L. Pharmacogn Mag, 9(34): 109-113.