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Unveiling the Genetic Wealth: Characterization of Wild Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Populations in Düzce Province from Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 694 - 701, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1728347

Öz

This study was carried out in Yığılca, Gümüşova, Cumayeri and Akçakoca districts of Düzce province in 2023. In the study, pomological and morphological characteristics of 129 genotypes in natural hazelnut populations and orchards were determined. Genotypes were distributed in the altitude range of 25-760m, 90.5% were detected in orchards and 9.5% in areas such as roadsides, stream beds and mountain slopes. When the genotypes were grouped in terms of plant height, it was determined that 75.39% were taller than 4 m, 22.24% were between 3-4 m, 1.58% were between 2-3 m and 0.79% were between 1-2 m. In the examined genotypes, nut length was measured between 15.0-25.4 mm, nut width was measured between 14.5-28.1 mm, nut size was measured between 14.19-20.61 mm and nut shape index was measured between 0.75-1.84. Leaf length varied between 8.92-15.36 mm, leaf width between 6.85-12.89 mm, and petiole length varied between 0.5-2.68 mm. While 79.13% of the genotypes have a husk longer than the nut, 66.09% have a husk slit. The number of hazelnut husk, one of the basic elements of yield, was determined to be 3 and above in 50% of the genotypes. In the study, it was evaluated that the hazelnut genetic resources in Düzce have a wide variation and that it is important to protect and use them in breeding studies. It was emphasized that especially genotypes with a nut size of 20 mm and above, round-shaped and number of nuts in cluster is over four in new cultivar development.

Etik Beyan

Since no studies involving humans or animals were conducted, ethical committee approval was not required for this study.

Teşekkür

This study was produced from the master's thesis titled “Determination of some characteristics of wild hazelnut types distributed in Düzce province” (Thesis no: 933036) completed by Erkan Dinç under the supervision of Hüseyin İrfan Balık.

Kaynakça

  • Akça Y, Sönmezoğlu Y. 2024. Evaluation of Yomra hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) clones. J Agric Fac Gaziosmanpasa Univ, 41(2):40–48. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1462231
  • Anonymous. 2018. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Menu/46/Sonuclanan-Projeler (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Anonymous. 2024a. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Menu/45/Devam-Eden-Projeler (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Anonymous. 2024b. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=27 (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Bak T, Güler E, Karadeniz T. 2024. Relationships between the number of nuts per cluster and fruit characteristics in the Foşa hazelnut cultivar. Mustafa Kemal Univ J Agric Sci, 29(3):622–628. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1482947
  • Balık Hİ, Balık SK, Köse ÇB, Duyar Ö, Sıray E, Sezer A, Turan A, Beyhan N, Erdoğan V, İslam A, Kurt H, Ak K, Kalkışım Ö. 2014. Development of the new cultivars of hazelnut by selection from Tombul hazelnut populations in Giresun and Trabzon provinces. 22-25 September Int Mesopotamia Agric Congr, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, pp: 172-179.
  • Balık Hİ, Balık SK, Erdogan V, Kafkas S, Beyhan N, Duyar Ö, Köse Ç. 2018. Clonal selection in 'Tombul' hazelnut: preliminary results. Acta Hortic. 1226, 53-58 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1226.7
  • Balık Hİ, Beyhan N. 2019. Xenia and metaxenia in hazelnuts: Effects on nut set and nut characteristics. Akad Ziraat Derg, 8(Special Issue):9-18. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.562429
  • Balık Hİ, Beyhan N. 2007. Ordu’nun Ünye ilçesinde Palaz fındık klon seleksiyonu ilk sonuçları. 4-7 September Türkiye V. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, , Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 343-346.
  • Balık Hİ, Kayalak Balık S, Beyhan N, Erdoğan V. 2016. Fındık Çeşitleri (Hazelnut Cultivars). Klasmat Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 96.
  • Balık Hİ, Kayalak Balık S, Duyar Ö. 2021. Fındıkta bitki besin elementleri ile verim ve meyve özellikleri arasındaki ilişki. Int J Agric Wildlife Sci, 7(2):189–199. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.890329
  • Balık Hİ, Murat Arif T. 2023. Fındıkta tozlanma ve döllenme konusunda son gelişmeler. J Agric Biotechnol, 4(2):84-98. https://doi.org/10.58728/joinabt.1360882
  • Balık Hİ. 2018. Fındıkta Kseni ve Metakseni Üzerine Araştırmalar. PhD thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 258.
  • Beyhan N, Demir T, Sürücü A. 1998. Farklı azot dozlarının Palaz fındık çeşidinde verim meyve kalitesi ve beslenme üzerine etkisi. OMU J Agric Fac, 13:1-13.
  • Beyhan N, Odabaş F. 1996. Fındıkta çiçek ve meyve dökümlerinin incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. 10-11 January Tarımsal Öğretimin 150. Yıldönümü Fındık ve Diğer Sert Kabuklu Meyveler Sempozyumu, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 110-118.
  • Bilgen Y. 2023. Clonal selection and determination of genetic diversity in Trabzon province fosa hazelnut population (Corylus avellana L.). PhD thesis, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Univ, Inst Sci, Tokat, Türkiye, pp: 229.
  • Bostan SZ, Karakaya O. 2024. Morphological, chemical, and molecular characterization of a new late-leafing and high fruit quality hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) genotype. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 71:5113–5126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01968-7
  • Çalışkan T. 1992. Bazı fındık çeşit ve tiplerinde karakterizasyon çalışmaları: Sonuç raporu (Proje grup kodu: 3-478-1-280). Fındık Araştırma Enstitüsü, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Türkiye.
  • Çalışkan T. 1995. Fındık çeşit kataloğu. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Üretim ve Geliştirme Genel Md., Mesleki Yayınlar, Ankara, Türkiye, pp:72.
  • Çayan M. 2019. Clonal selection of Çakıldak hazelnut cultivar in Gurgentepe (Ordu) district. MSc thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 99.
  • Demir T. 1997. A pre-research on the selection of hazelnut grown in Samsun. MSc thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 69.
  • Erat K, Balık Hİ. 2022. Bitkisel biyoçeşitlilik ve genetik kaynaklar. J Agric Biotechnol, 3(2):117–125.
  • İsbakan H, Bostan SZ. 2020. Fındıkta bitki morfolojik özellikleri ile verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Ordu Univ J Sci Technol, 10(1):32–45. https://doi.org/10.1234/orunivjst.2020.0101
  • İslam A, Özgüven AI. 2001. Clonal selection in the Turkish hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu Province. Acta Hortic, 556:203–208.
  • İslam A. 2008. Clonal selection in ‘Uzunmusa’ hazelnut. Plant breeding, 122(4):368 – 371, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00853.x
  • İslam A. 2019. Fındık ıslahında gelişmeler. Akad Ziraat Derg, 8 (Special Issue): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.667662
  • Karakaya O. 2021. Clonal selection in Palaz and Çakıldak hazelnut cultivars grown in Fatsa. PhD thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 334.
  • Köksal Aİ. 2002. Türk fındık çeşitleri. Fındık Tanıtım Grubu Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 136.
  • Molnar TJ. 2011. Corylus. In: Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp: 15-48.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M. 2014. Ilıman iklim meyve türleri: Yumuşak çekirdekli meyveler (Cilt III). Ege Univ Agric Fac Publ, İzmir, Türkiye, pp: 262.
  • Turan A. 2007. Tombul hazelnut clonal selection in Bulancak of Giresun. MSc thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 109.
  • Ünver H. 2024. Düzce ili fındık yetiştiriciliği. MAS J Appl Sci, 9(1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10613104
  • UPOV. 2025. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Official web site. URL: https://www.upov.int/meetings/en/doc_details.jsp?meeting_id=60592&doc_id=541353 (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Ustaoğlu B. 2009. Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğinin fındık tarımına olası etkileri. PhD thesis, İstanbul Tech Univ, Inst Sci, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 205.
  • Uzun S. 2021. Clonal selection of Tombul and Karafindik hazelnut cultivars grown in Fatsa. PhD thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 255.
  • Vavilov N. 1994. Origin and geography of cultivated crops. Cambridge Univ Press, UK, pp: 145.

Unveiling the Genetic Wealth: Characterization of Wild Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Populations in Düzce Province from Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 694 - 701, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1728347

Öz

This study was carried out in Yığılca, Gümüşova, Cumayeri and Akçakoca districts of Düzce province in 2023. In the study, pomological and morphological characteristics of 129 genotypes in natural hazelnut populations and orchards were determined. Genotypes were distributed in the altitude range of 25-760m, 90.5% were detected in orchards and 9.5% in areas such as roadsides, stream beds and mountain slopes. When the genotypes were grouped in terms of plant height, it was determined that 75.39% were taller than 4 m, 22.24% were between 3-4 m, 1.58% were between 2-3 m and 0.79% were between 1-2 m. In the examined genotypes, nut length was measured between 15.0-25.4 mm, nut width was measured between 14.5-28.1 mm, nut size was measured between 14.19-20.61 mm and nut shape index was measured between 0.75-1.84. Leaf length varied between 8.92-15.36 mm, leaf width between 6.85-12.89 mm, and petiole length varied between 0.5-2.68 mm. While 79.13% of the genotypes have a husk longer than the nut, 66.09% have a husk slit. The number of hazelnut husk, one of the basic elements of yield, was determined to be 3 and above in 50% of the genotypes. In the study, it was evaluated that the hazelnut genetic resources in Düzce have a wide variation and that it is important to protect and use them in breeding studies. It was emphasized that especially genotypes with a nut size of 20 mm and above, round-shaped and number of nuts in cluster is over four in new cultivar development.

Etik Beyan

Since no studies involving humans or animals were conducted, ethical committee approval was not required for this study.

Teşekkür

This study was produced from the master's thesis titled “Determination of some characteristics of wild hazelnut types distributed in Düzce province” (Thesis no: 933036) completed by Erkan Dinç under the supervision of Hüseyin İrfan Balık.

Kaynakça

  • Akça Y, Sönmezoğlu Y. 2024. Evaluation of Yomra hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) clones. J Agric Fac Gaziosmanpasa Univ, 41(2):40–48. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1462231
  • Anonymous. 2018. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Menu/46/Sonuclanan-Projeler (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Anonymous. 2024a. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Menu/45/Devam-Eden-Projeler (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Anonymous. 2024b. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/findik/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=27 (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Bak T, Güler E, Karadeniz T. 2024. Relationships between the number of nuts per cluster and fruit characteristics in the Foşa hazelnut cultivar. Mustafa Kemal Univ J Agric Sci, 29(3):622–628. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1482947
  • Balık Hİ, Balık SK, Köse ÇB, Duyar Ö, Sıray E, Sezer A, Turan A, Beyhan N, Erdoğan V, İslam A, Kurt H, Ak K, Kalkışım Ö. 2014. Development of the new cultivars of hazelnut by selection from Tombul hazelnut populations in Giresun and Trabzon provinces. 22-25 September Int Mesopotamia Agric Congr, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, pp: 172-179.
  • Balık Hİ, Balık SK, Erdogan V, Kafkas S, Beyhan N, Duyar Ö, Köse Ç. 2018. Clonal selection in 'Tombul' hazelnut: preliminary results. Acta Hortic. 1226, 53-58 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1226.7
  • Balık Hİ, Beyhan N. 2019. Xenia and metaxenia in hazelnuts: Effects on nut set and nut characteristics. Akad Ziraat Derg, 8(Special Issue):9-18. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.562429
  • Balık Hİ, Beyhan N. 2007. Ordu’nun Ünye ilçesinde Palaz fındık klon seleksiyonu ilk sonuçları. 4-7 September Türkiye V. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, , Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 343-346.
  • Balık Hİ, Kayalak Balık S, Beyhan N, Erdoğan V. 2016. Fındık Çeşitleri (Hazelnut Cultivars). Klasmat Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 96.
  • Balık Hİ, Kayalak Balık S, Duyar Ö. 2021. Fındıkta bitki besin elementleri ile verim ve meyve özellikleri arasındaki ilişki. Int J Agric Wildlife Sci, 7(2):189–199. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.890329
  • Balık Hİ, Murat Arif T. 2023. Fındıkta tozlanma ve döllenme konusunda son gelişmeler. J Agric Biotechnol, 4(2):84-98. https://doi.org/10.58728/joinabt.1360882
  • Balık Hİ. 2018. Fındıkta Kseni ve Metakseni Üzerine Araştırmalar. PhD thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 258.
  • Beyhan N, Demir T, Sürücü A. 1998. Farklı azot dozlarının Palaz fındık çeşidinde verim meyve kalitesi ve beslenme üzerine etkisi. OMU J Agric Fac, 13:1-13.
  • Beyhan N, Odabaş F. 1996. Fındıkta çiçek ve meyve dökümlerinin incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. 10-11 January Tarımsal Öğretimin 150. Yıldönümü Fındık ve Diğer Sert Kabuklu Meyveler Sempozyumu, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 110-118.
  • Bilgen Y. 2023. Clonal selection and determination of genetic diversity in Trabzon province fosa hazelnut population (Corylus avellana L.). PhD thesis, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Univ, Inst Sci, Tokat, Türkiye, pp: 229.
  • Bostan SZ, Karakaya O. 2024. Morphological, chemical, and molecular characterization of a new late-leafing and high fruit quality hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) genotype. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 71:5113–5126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01968-7
  • Çalışkan T. 1992. Bazı fındık çeşit ve tiplerinde karakterizasyon çalışmaları: Sonuç raporu (Proje grup kodu: 3-478-1-280). Fındık Araştırma Enstitüsü, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Türkiye.
  • Çalışkan T. 1995. Fındık çeşit kataloğu. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Üretim ve Geliştirme Genel Md., Mesleki Yayınlar, Ankara, Türkiye, pp:72.
  • Çayan M. 2019. Clonal selection of Çakıldak hazelnut cultivar in Gurgentepe (Ordu) district. MSc thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 99.
  • Demir T. 1997. A pre-research on the selection of hazelnut grown in Samsun. MSc thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 69.
  • Erat K, Balık Hİ. 2022. Bitkisel biyoçeşitlilik ve genetik kaynaklar. J Agric Biotechnol, 3(2):117–125.
  • İsbakan H, Bostan SZ. 2020. Fındıkta bitki morfolojik özellikleri ile verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Ordu Univ J Sci Technol, 10(1):32–45. https://doi.org/10.1234/orunivjst.2020.0101
  • İslam A, Özgüven AI. 2001. Clonal selection in the Turkish hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu Province. Acta Hortic, 556:203–208.
  • İslam A. 2008. Clonal selection in ‘Uzunmusa’ hazelnut. Plant breeding, 122(4):368 – 371, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00853.x
  • İslam A. 2019. Fındık ıslahında gelişmeler. Akad Ziraat Derg, 8 (Special Issue): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.667662
  • Karakaya O. 2021. Clonal selection in Palaz and Çakıldak hazelnut cultivars grown in Fatsa. PhD thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 334.
  • Köksal Aİ. 2002. Türk fındık çeşitleri. Fındık Tanıtım Grubu Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 136.
  • Molnar TJ. 2011. Corylus. In: Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp: 15-48.
  • Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M. 2014. Ilıman iklim meyve türleri: Yumuşak çekirdekli meyveler (Cilt III). Ege Univ Agric Fac Publ, İzmir, Türkiye, pp: 262.
  • Turan A. 2007. Tombul hazelnut clonal selection in Bulancak of Giresun. MSc thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Inst Sci, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 109.
  • Ünver H. 2024. Düzce ili fındık yetiştiriciliği. MAS J Appl Sci, 9(1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10613104
  • UPOV. 2025. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Official web site. URL: https://www.upov.int/meetings/en/doc_details.jsp?meeting_id=60592&doc_id=541353 (accessed date: March 7, 2025)
  • Ustaoğlu B. 2009. Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğinin fındık tarımına olası etkileri. PhD thesis, İstanbul Tech Univ, Inst Sci, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 205.
  • Uzun S. 2021. Clonal selection of Tombul and Karafindik hazelnut cultivars grown in Fatsa. PhD thesis, Ordu Univ, Inst Sci, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 255.
  • Vavilov N. 1994. Origin and geography of cultivated crops. Cambridge Univ Press, UK, pp: 145.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Erkan Dinç 0009-0002-2203-5207

Hüseyin İrfan Balık 0000-0002-9107-7032

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Dinç, E., & Balık, H. İ. (2025). Unveiling the Genetic Wealth: Characterization of Wild Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Populations in Düzce Province from Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 8(5), 694-701. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1728347

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