MOTOR SKILL INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 133 - 148, 01.04.2015

Irmak Hürmeriç Altunsöz

Öz

This study is a literature review that summarizes the current state of motor skill intervention programs for young children. An electronic search of the EBSCHOhost data bases was conducted. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the study. In these studies, 659 children between the ages of 3 to 6 years participated in intervention programs, at their schools, designed to improve their fundamental motor skills.Findings indicated that children had developmental delays before the interventions and the interventions were arranged based on the children’s needs. Locomotor skills, object control skills and stability skills were the targeted motor skills in the interventions. In addition, majority of the interventions were experimental studies and only four studies had retention tests. All interventions, regardless of their approach, were effective. Enhancing motor skill competence in preschoolers can facilitate an active lifestyle in later years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fundamental motor skills, motor skill interventions, young children, literature review

ÇOCUKLARDA MOTOR BECERİ UYGULAMALARI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi çocuklar için hazırlanan motor beceri uygulamalarının alan yazın taraması yapılarak özetlenmesidir. Alan yazın taraması EBSCHOhost veri tabaları kullanılarak yapılmış ve arama kriterlerine uyan on beş çalışma bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmalara 3 ve 6 yaş grubu arasında bulunan 659 çocuk katılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük bir kısmının motor gelişim açısından geri olduğu tespit edilmiş ve programlar katılımcıların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmalarda yer değiştirme hareketleri, nesne kontrolü gerektiren hareketler ve denge hareketleri öğretilmiştir. Bu çalışmaların çoğunun deneysel çalışma olduğu görülmektedir ve dört çalışma, program bittikten sonra kalıcılık testi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan programlar süre ve sıklık açısından farklılık göstersede, genel olarak motor beceri uygulamalarının etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, okul öncesi çocukların motor becerilerilerinin geliştirilmesi aktif bir yaşam sürdürülebilmesi için büyük bir önem taşımaktadır, ve bu uygulamalarının artırılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

temel motor becerileri, motor beceri uygulamaları, küçük çocuklar, alan yazın taraması

Kaynakça

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• Niğde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences Vol 9, Issue 1, 2015
• Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt 9, Sayı 1, 2015
• Table 1: Summary of the Motor Skill Interventions Authors (Year) Setting Design Targeted Variables Details Intervened Integrity Retention Test Bellows, Davies, Anderson & Kennedy (2013) in intervention & in control group (At baseline, 132 in intervention group (Mage =53 months) in control group A randomized intervention study skills (running, hopping, skipping) manipulation skills Physical activity levels Weight status Classroom teachers survey the intervention group (F(1, )=7.89, p=.006 for main effect for treatment group)
• No changes in physical activity levels of children and their weight status Robinson, Webster, Logan, Lucas, & Barber (2012) No control group the Southeast region of USA TGMD-2 MMC weeks, 2 days per week for 30 min each session
• Improvement in total performance (t(13)=3.0, p
• (p
• Improvement in object control skills (F(1,39)=163.19, p
• Improvement in perceived physical competence for MMC group (F(2,114)=44.75), p=.001, ƞ2=.44) Martin, Rudisill, & Hastie (2009) female) in Mastery Motivation Climate (Mage =5.72) (12 male & 10 female) in Low Autonomy group (Mage =5.43) A low autonomy MMC weeks, every day for min each session
• Improvement in object control skills (F(1,54)=42.61), p=.001, =.45) and Locomotor skills for MMC group (F(1,53)=24.37), p=.001, ƞ2=.32) Deli, Bakle, & Zachopoul ou (2006) (11 male & 14 female) in movement group (intervention) movement and music group (intervention) female) in free play group (control) Pretest posttest quasi- experimental A movement program A music & movement program (exploratory teaching style) weeks, 2 days per week for 35 min each session
• =.04) and locomotion in intervention group (F(1,57)=5.82, p=.02, ƞ2=.07) No improvement in object manipulation skills and stationary skills in both groups Valentini & Rudisill (2004) (7 male &12 female) in Low Autonomy Group (Mage =5.40) female) in MMC group (Mage =5.45) Intervention 2 (17 male & 21 female) in MMC (Mage =5.1) (14 male & 15 female) in control group (Mage =5.27) A randomized pretest posttest Object control skills Perceived physical competence A manipulation checklist
• Observations p=.0001), ƞ2=.86) for both low Instructor weekly progress reports physical competence (F(1,37)=17.06, p=.001), ƞ2=.32) for MMC group in intervention 1
• MMC group maintained their development in locomotor skills (F(2,53)=11.34, p=.001, ƞ2=.30), and object control skills (F(2,53)=12.31, p=.0001), ƞ2=.32) and perceived physical competence (F(1,33)=6,89, =.013), ƞ=.17) in intervention 2 & Branta group (Mage = 74) with direct Instruction weeks, 2 days per week for 45 min each session
• Improvement in locomotor (F(1,57)=134.23, p