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TAKIM SPORLARI AÇISINDAN EMPATI VE KARAR VERMEDE ÖZ SAYGI VE KARAR VERME STILLERINE YÖNELIK BIR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 16 - 27, 01.04.2013

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, takım sporu yapan sporcuların empati ve karar vermede öz saygı ve karar verme stillerinin cinsiyet, spor türü ve spor deneyimi değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi ve empati ile karar vermede özsaygı ve karar verme stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma örneklemini, 2010 - 2011sezonunda İzmir ilindeki kulüplerde lisanslı olarak basketbol n=53 futbol, n=76 , hentbol n=73 oynayan, yaş ortalaması yaş=22.95±3.45 ve spor yapma süre ortalamaları spordeneyimi=9.57±4.85 olan toplamda 202 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Mann ve Diğ. 1998 tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışmaları Deniz 2004 tarafından yapılmış “Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği I-II’nin Melbourne Decision Making Questionaire I-II ” ölçeği ve Erkuş ve Yakupoğlu 2001 tarafından geliştirilen Spor ortamında Empati SEM Empathy Scale in The Sports Sıtuatıons ESSS Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde kişisel bilgiler için betimsel istatistik yöntemleri frekans n , yüzde % , aritmetik ortalama X ve standart sapma Ss kullanılmıştır. Farklığı tespit etmek amacıyla; cinsiyet, spor türü ve spor deneyimi değişkenlerinde normal dağılım ve homojenlik koşulları yerine gelmediği için Non-Parametrik testlerden Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testi ve çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak duygusal empati ve toplam empati SEM puanı, kadın sporcularda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hentbolcuların duygusal empatileri basketbol ve futbolculara göre daha yüksektir. Spor deneyimi 1-9 yıl olan sporcuların karar vermede öz saygıları spor deneyimi 10 yıl ve üzeri olan sporculara göre düşük olduğu ve kaçıngan ve panik karar verme stillerini daha çok kullandıkları görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Alver, B. (2004). Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Eğitimi Alan Öğrencilerin Empatik Beceri ve Karar Verme İncelenmesi Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Sayı:10 [in Turkish]. göre Karabekir
  • Avşar, P. ve Temel, C. (2008). İlköğretim Beden Eğitimi 1-8. Sınıflar öğretmen kitabı. Ankara: MEB Devlet Kitapları. [in Turkish].
  • Avşaroğlu, S. (2007). Evaluation of Self-esteem in decision-making, decision-making styles and Coping with Stress styles of university students in terms of self- esteem and some variables. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Institute, Konya, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Sciences
  • Bar-Elı, M. Raab, M. (2006). Judgment and Decision Making in Sport and Exercise: Rediscovery and New Visions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 7, 519–524.
  • Baştuğ, G. (2009). Evaluation of the correlation with empathic skills and life satisfaction of candidate volleyball referees, Niğde University Physical Education and Sports Sciences Journal Volume 3, Number 3 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Budak, Selçuk. (2000). “Psikoloji Sözlüğü.” Bilim Ve Sanat Yayınları. Ankara [in Turkish].
  • Certel, Z, Aksoy, D, Çalışkan, E, Yerlisu Lapa, T, Özçelik, M.A, Çelik, G. (2012). Research on self- esteem in decision making and decision making styles in taekwondo athletes. 3 rd. World Conference on learning, Teaching and Educational leadership. 25-28 October 2012 Brussells, Belgium [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Çetin, M. Ç. (2009). A comparative evaluation of Decision-making styles, Social Skill Levels and Coping with Stress styles of SPES students in terms of some variables. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Gazi University. Education Sciences Institute Ankara [Turkish with English Abstract].].
  • Çetin ,M. Ç. Çağlayan, H. S. Yıldırım, Y. (2010). Evaluation of Self-esteem in decision-making and decision-making participated in the special sportive ability exam of SPES, 11th International Sports Sciences Congress, Antalya 10 to 12 October [Turkish with English Abstract]. of the applicants who
  • Deniz, M. E. (2002). A comparative evaluation of decision-making styles and social skill levels of university students in terms of Ta-Dominant ego and some Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Institute. Konya [Turkish with English Abstract]. Sciences
  • Deniz, M.E. (2004). “Investigation of the Relation between Decision Making Self-Esteem, Decision Making Style and Problem Solving Skills of University Students”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. Vol: 15. 23-35
  • Dorak, F., Vurgun, N. (2006). Takım Sporları Açısından Empati Ve Takım Birlikteliği İlişkisi Spormetre Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, IV (2) 73-77 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1987). “Empati kurma becerisi ile sosyometrik statü arasındaki ilişki” A.Ü.E. B. F. Dergisi 20 (1-2);183-207 [in Turkish]
  • Dökmen, Ü., (2006). İletişim Çatışmaları ve Empati, 35. Baskı, Sistem Yayıncılık, Ankara [in Turkish].
  • Egesoy, H. Eniseler, N. Çamlıyer, H. Çamlıyer, H. (1999). Elit Ve Elit Olmayan Futbol Oyuncularının Karar Verme Performanslarının Karar Verme Hızı Ve Verilen Kararın Doğruluğu Açısından Karsılaştırılması. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Manisa, 2, (3), 22-33, [in Turkish].
  • Eisenberg, N. and Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91-119. and related behaviors.
  • Eisenberg, N., Holmgren, AR., Fabes, AR., (1998). “The Relation of Children’s Situational Empathy-Related Emotions International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), pp. 169-193. Prosocial Behavior”
  • Erkuş, A .,Yakupoğlu, S., (2001). Spor Ortamında Empati Ölçeği (SEM) Geliştirme Çalışması. Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 12 (1), 22 -31 [Turkish with English Abstract]. Spor
  • Ersever, H.Ö. (1996). The effect of Decision-making program and experience of interaction group upon decision-making (Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation) Ankara: A.Ü. Social Sciences Institute [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Fontana, F. E. (2007). The Effects of Exercise Intensity on Decision Making Performance of Experienced and Inexperienced Soccer Athletes. Ph.D Thesis. University of Pittsburg.
  • Güçray, S. (1998). KDÖ-Karar Verme Davranışları Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliği. Ç.Ü.Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (14), 60-68 [in Turkish].
  • Hoffman, ML. (1990). The Contribution of Empathy to Justice and Moral Judgment, In: Esinberg N, Strayer J. (Editors), Empathy and Its Development, Cambridge University Press, pp.47-80, New York.
  • Johnson. J. G. (2006). Cognitive Modeling of Decision Making in Sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 7 (6), 631–652.
  • Kalliopuska, M. (1987). The relation of empathy and self-esteem with active sporting. Report Paper presented at the Beiennial Meeting of the International Society.
  • Karakaya, A. D. (2001). Empathic Skills of Nursing Students of Akdeniz University. İstanbul University. Master Dissertation. Health Sciences Institute. İstanbul [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Kesici, S. A (2002). Comparative evaluation of decision-making strategies of university students in terms of psychological need patterns and personality qualities. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Sciences Institute. Konya [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Kıoumourtzoglou, E., Kourtessıs, T., Mıchalopoulou, M. And Derrı, V. (1998). Differences in Several Perceptual Abilities between Experts and Novices İn Basketball, Volleyball and Water-Polo. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 86 (1) 899-912.
  • Kolayiş, H., Yiğiter, K. (2010). Evaluation of Empathy Skills of SPES teachers teaching in primary and high schools in Kocaeli Province. Journal of Educational Sciences, 2 (2), 562-578 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • International Online
  • Korkmaz N. H, Şahin E, Kahraman M, Öztürk F. Uludağ (2003). students of Uludağ University in terms of age” Uludağ University Education Faculty Journal 17:95-103.33 [Turkish with English Abstract]. 30.Kuzgun, Y. (1992). Karar Stratejileri Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi Ve Standardizasyonu. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. Ankara. [in Turkish].
  • Mann, L., Radford, M., Burnett, P., Ford, S., Bond, M., Leung, K., Nakamura, H., Vaughan, G. And Yang, K. S. (1998). Cross-Cultural differences in Self-Reported Decision-Making Style and Confidence. International Journal of Psychology. 33, 325-335.
  • Mc Pherson, S. L. (1999)Expert-Novice Differences İn Performance Skills And Problem Representations Of Youth And Adults During Tennis Competition. Research Quarterly For Exercise And Sport. 70 (3), 233-251.
  • Mehrabian, A., Epstein, N., (1972). “A Measure of Emotional Empathy”, Journal of Personality, 40(4), pp. 525-543.
  • Mau, W. C. (2000). Cultural differences in career in career decision-making styles and self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 365-378.
  • Murray, B. (1998). Does ‘ Emotional Intelligence’ Matter in Association, 29,7, 306-314. American Psychological
  • Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, McGraww Hill, New York, 302.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. Boston, Mass: Hougton Mifflin Co.
  • Sezer, Ö. ve Damar, S., (2005). Empati Nedir, Empati Öğretilebilir Mi?, İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, C.6, S.9. 7 [in Turkish].
  • Sezen Balçıkanlı, G., Yıldıran, İ. (2011). Profesyonel Futbolcuların Sportmenlik Yönelimleri ve Empatik Eğilim Düzeyleri, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi IX (2) 49-56 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Stein, E. (1970). On the Problem of Empathy. 2ndEd. The Hague, The Netherlands: Matinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers.
  • Şahin, M. (2008). Evaluation of Decision-making styles of Turkish Football Referees in terms of refereeing classification and some variables. Unpublished Master Dissertation. Institute, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Health Sciences
  • Tanrıdağ, Ş. R. (1992). Evaluation of empathic skill levels and tendencies of the personnel working at mental health services in terms of some variables. Unpublished University, Social Sciences Institute, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Dissertation, Hacettepe
  • Uygun, E. (2006). Determination of empathic skill levels of the personnel working in psychiatry service. Unpublished Master Dissertation, İstanbul University Health Sciences Institute, İstanbul [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Yılmaz, İ. Akyel, A. (2008). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarının Değişkenler Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD) Cilt 9, Sayı 3,(27-33) [in Turkish]. Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Evran İncelenmesi. Ahi
  • Zekioğlu, A., Tatar, A., (2006). Üniversite Eğitim Gören Futbolcuların Empatik Becerilerinin Kişilik Özellikleri ile Karşılaştırılması, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi IV(4) 135-138 [in Turkish].

INVESTIGATION OF EMPATHY AND SELF- ESTEEM IN DECISION MAKING AND DECISION- MAKING STYLES AMONG THOSE WHO PLAYED TEAM SPORTS

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 16 - 27, 01.04.2013

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the empathy and self-esteem in decision-making anddecision-making styles of athletes who are playing team sports according to their gender, typeof sports they play and sports experience the years of participation in sports . The sample ofthe study was composed of a total of 202 the licensed athletes playing in different sports clubsin Izmir, Turkey during 2010-2011 season and they were basketball players n=53 , soccerplayers n=76 , and handball players n=73 . Their mean age was 22.95±3.45 years and theirmean sports experience was 9.57±4.85 years. Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire I-IIwhich was developed by Mann et al. 1998 and Turkish adaptation of which was performed byDeniz 2004 , and Empathy Scale in the Sports Situations ESSS developed by Erkuş andYakupoğlu 2001 were employed as measuring devices. Personal data were analyzed bydescriptive statistical analysis such as frequency n , percentage % , mean deviation Sd . Non-Parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multipleregression analysis were used to determine differences since the data for gender, type ofsports and sport experience did not follow a normal distribution and were not homogenous. Inconclusion, the emotional empathy scores and total empathy scores of female players werehigher than male players. Handball players had higher emotional empathy than soccer andbasketball players. Athletes who had sports experience between 1-9 years had lower selfesteem in decision-making compared to the players who had more than 10 years of sportsexperience and used the buck-passing decision-making and hyper vigilance decision-makingstyles more often

Kaynakça

  • Alver, B. (2004). Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Eğitimi Alan Öğrencilerin Empatik Beceri ve Karar Verme İncelenmesi Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Sayı:10 [in Turkish]. göre Karabekir
  • Avşar, P. ve Temel, C. (2008). İlköğretim Beden Eğitimi 1-8. Sınıflar öğretmen kitabı. Ankara: MEB Devlet Kitapları. [in Turkish].
  • Avşaroğlu, S. (2007). Evaluation of Self-esteem in decision-making, decision-making styles and Coping with Stress styles of university students in terms of self- esteem and some variables. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Institute, Konya, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Sciences
  • Bar-Elı, M. Raab, M. (2006). Judgment and Decision Making in Sport and Exercise: Rediscovery and New Visions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 7, 519–524.
  • Baştuğ, G. (2009). Evaluation of the correlation with empathic skills and life satisfaction of candidate volleyball referees, Niğde University Physical Education and Sports Sciences Journal Volume 3, Number 3 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Budak, Selçuk. (2000). “Psikoloji Sözlüğü.” Bilim Ve Sanat Yayınları. Ankara [in Turkish].
  • Certel, Z, Aksoy, D, Çalışkan, E, Yerlisu Lapa, T, Özçelik, M.A, Çelik, G. (2012). Research on self- esteem in decision making and decision making styles in taekwondo athletes. 3 rd. World Conference on learning, Teaching and Educational leadership. 25-28 October 2012 Brussells, Belgium [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Çetin, M. Ç. (2009). A comparative evaluation of Decision-making styles, Social Skill Levels and Coping with Stress styles of SPES students in terms of some variables. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Gazi University. Education Sciences Institute Ankara [Turkish with English Abstract].].
  • Çetin ,M. Ç. Çağlayan, H. S. Yıldırım, Y. (2010). Evaluation of Self-esteem in decision-making and decision-making participated in the special sportive ability exam of SPES, 11th International Sports Sciences Congress, Antalya 10 to 12 October [Turkish with English Abstract]. of the applicants who
  • Deniz, M. E. (2002). A comparative evaluation of decision-making styles and social skill levels of university students in terms of Ta-Dominant ego and some Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Institute. Konya [Turkish with English Abstract]. Sciences
  • Deniz, M.E. (2004). “Investigation of the Relation between Decision Making Self-Esteem, Decision Making Style and Problem Solving Skills of University Students”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. Vol: 15. 23-35
  • Dorak, F., Vurgun, N. (2006). Takım Sporları Açısından Empati Ve Takım Birlikteliği İlişkisi Spormetre Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, IV (2) 73-77 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1987). “Empati kurma becerisi ile sosyometrik statü arasındaki ilişki” A.Ü.E. B. F. Dergisi 20 (1-2);183-207 [in Turkish]
  • Dökmen, Ü., (2006). İletişim Çatışmaları ve Empati, 35. Baskı, Sistem Yayıncılık, Ankara [in Turkish].
  • Egesoy, H. Eniseler, N. Çamlıyer, H. Çamlıyer, H. (1999). Elit Ve Elit Olmayan Futbol Oyuncularının Karar Verme Performanslarının Karar Verme Hızı Ve Verilen Kararın Doğruluğu Açısından Karsılaştırılması. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Manisa, 2, (3), 22-33, [in Turkish].
  • Eisenberg, N. and Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91-119. and related behaviors.
  • Eisenberg, N., Holmgren, AR., Fabes, AR., (1998). “The Relation of Children’s Situational Empathy-Related Emotions International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), pp. 169-193. Prosocial Behavior”
  • Erkuş, A .,Yakupoğlu, S., (2001). Spor Ortamında Empati Ölçeği (SEM) Geliştirme Çalışması. Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 12 (1), 22 -31 [Turkish with English Abstract]. Spor
  • Ersever, H.Ö. (1996). The effect of Decision-making program and experience of interaction group upon decision-making (Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation) Ankara: A.Ü. Social Sciences Institute [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Fontana, F. E. (2007). The Effects of Exercise Intensity on Decision Making Performance of Experienced and Inexperienced Soccer Athletes. Ph.D Thesis. University of Pittsburg.
  • Güçray, S. (1998). KDÖ-Karar Verme Davranışları Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliği. Ç.Ü.Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (14), 60-68 [in Turkish].
  • Hoffman, ML. (1990). The Contribution of Empathy to Justice and Moral Judgment, In: Esinberg N, Strayer J. (Editors), Empathy and Its Development, Cambridge University Press, pp.47-80, New York.
  • Johnson. J. G. (2006). Cognitive Modeling of Decision Making in Sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 7 (6), 631–652.
  • Kalliopuska, M. (1987). The relation of empathy and self-esteem with active sporting. Report Paper presented at the Beiennial Meeting of the International Society.
  • Karakaya, A. D. (2001). Empathic Skills of Nursing Students of Akdeniz University. İstanbul University. Master Dissertation. Health Sciences Institute. İstanbul [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Kesici, S. A (2002). Comparative evaluation of decision-making strategies of university students in terms of psychological need patterns and personality qualities. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Selçuk University, Social Sciences Institute. Konya [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Kıoumourtzoglou, E., Kourtessıs, T., Mıchalopoulou, M. And Derrı, V. (1998). Differences in Several Perceptual Abilities between Experts and Novices İn Basketball, Volleyball and Water-Polo. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 86 (1) 899-912.
  • Kolayiş, H., Yiğiter, K. (2010). Evaluation of Empathy Skills of SPES teachers teaching in primary and high schools in Kocaeli Province. Journal of Educational Sciences, 2 (2), 562-578 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • International Online
  • Korkmaz N. H, Şahin E, Kahraman M, Öztürk F. Uludağ (2003). students of Uludağ University in terms of age” Uludağ University Education Faculty Journal 17:95-103.33 [Turkish with English Abstract]. 30.Kuzgun, Y. (1992). Karar Stratejileri Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi Ve Standardizasyonu. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. Ankara. [in Turkish].
  • Mann, L., Radford, M., Burnett, P., Ford, S., Bond, M., Leung, K., Nakamura, H., Vaughan, G. And Yang, K. S. (1998). Cross-Cultural differences in Self-Reported Decision-Making Style and Confidence. International Journal of Psychology. 33, 325-335.
  • Mc Pherson, S. L. (1999)Expert-Novice Differences İn Performance Skills And Problem Representations Of Youth And Adults During Tennis Competition. Research Quarterly For Exercise And Sport. 70 (3), 233-251.
  • Mehrabian, A., Epstein, N., (1972). “A Measure of Emotional Empathy”, Journal of Personality, 40(4), pp. 525-543.
  • Mau, W. C. (2000). Cultural differences in career in career decision-making styles and self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 365-378.
  • Murray, B. (1998). Does ‘ Emotional Intelligence’ Matter in Association, 29,7, 306-314. American Psychological
  • Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, McGraww Hill, New York, 302.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. Boston, Mass: Hougton Mifflin Co.
  • Sezer, Ö. ve Damar, S., (2005). Empati Nedir, Empati Öğretilebilir Mi?, İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, C.6, S.9. 7 [in Turkish].
  • Sezen Balçıkanlı, G., Yıldıran, İ. (2011). Profesyonel Futbolcuların Sportmenlik Yönelimleri ve Empatik Eğilim Düzeyleri, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi IX (2) 49-56 [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Stein, E. (1970). On the Problem of Empathy. 2ndEd. The Hague, The Netherlands: Matinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers.
  • Şahin, M. (2008). Evaluation of Decision-making styles of Turkish Football Referees in terms of refereeing classification and some variables. Unpublished Master Dissertation. Institute, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Health Sciences
  • Tanrıdağ, Ş. R. (1992). Evaluation of empathic skill levels and tendencies of the personnel working at mental health services in terms of some variables. Unpublished University, Social Sciences Institute, [Turkish with English Abstract]. Dissertation, Hacettepe
  • Uygun, E. (2006). Determination of empathic skill levels of the personnel working in psychiatry service. Unpublished Master Dissertation, İstanbul University Health Sciences Institute, İstanbul [Turkish with English Abstract].
  • Yılmaz, İ. Akyel, A. (2008). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarının Değişkenler Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD) Cilt 9, Sayı 3,(27-33) [in Turkish]. Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Evran İncelenmesi. Ahi
  • Zekioğlu, A., Tatar, A., (2006). Üniversite Eğitim Gören Futbolcuların Empatik Becerilerinin Kişilik Özellikleri ile Karşılaştırılması, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi IV(4) 135-138 [in Turkish].
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Zehra Certel Bu kişi benim

Ziya Bahadır Bu kişi benim

Gül Tiryaki Sönmez Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Certel, Z., Bahadır, Z., & Sönmez, G. T. (2013). INVESTIGATION OF EMPATHY AND SELF- ESTEEM IN DECISION MAKING AND DECISION- MAKING STYLES AMONG THOSE WHO PLAYED TEAM SPORTS. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 16-27.

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