Calculation of Insulation Thickness Depending on The Coolest and Hottest Climate Conditions for Different Flat Roof Types of Buildings

Öz

In this study, optimum insulation thicknesses are calculated for three different flat-surfaces which are navigable terrace roof; stone-covered and soil-covered un-navigable flat roof types. The outdoor temperature, the value of January, which is the coldest month in winter, and the value of July, which is the hottest month in summer, and solar radiation, are considered together. Flat roof surfaces are considered to be stone-covered and soil-covered black painted and marble. Firstly, solar-air temperatures were determined for the winter and summer periods. Then, optimum insulation thickness calculations are made using life cycle total cost analysis. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is accepted as the insulation material. Natural gas is used in winter and electricity in summer as an energy sources. The optimum insulation thicknesses have been calculated for five climate zones and three different roof types based on the TS 825. Then the results are compared. As a result, the optimum insulation thickness calculated considering the hottest and coldest months of the year was determined as 0.128 m in the 5th climate zone in roof one with the highest value, and as the lowest value with the 0.052 m in the 1st climate zone for roof three.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flat roof
• Green roof
• Optimum insulation thickness
• Solar-air temperature
• TS 825 standard

Kaynakça

1. Ayın B. 2021. Examination of conventional and innovative carrier systems used in roof gardens in terms of energy efficient building design and application. MSc Thesis, İstanbul Aydın University, Graduate Education Institute, Department of Architecture, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 105.
2. Çengel YA, Boles MA. 2002. Mühendislik yaklaşımıyla termodinamik. Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 978.
3. Daouas N. 2016. Impact of external longwave radiation on optimum insulation thickness in Tunisian building roofs based on a dynamic analytical model. Appl Energ, 177: 136-148.
4. De Rosa M, Bianco V, Scarpa F, Tagliafico LA. 2014. Heating and cooling building energy demand evaluation; a simplified model and a modified degree days approach. Appl Energ, 128: 217-229.
5. Dombaycı ÖA, Gölcü M, Pancar Y. 2006. Optimization of insulation thickness for external walls using different energy-sources. Appl Energ, 83(9): 921-928.
6. Domínguez-Torres CA, Domínguez-Torres H, Domínguez-Delgado A. 2021. Optimization of a combination of thermal insulation and cool roof for the refurbishment of social housing in southern Spain. Sustainability, 13(10738): 1-32.
7. El-Zoklah MH, Refaat T. 2021. The Green facades systems (GFS) consideration to insure the maximum environmental benefits. Int J Appl Sci Eng Res, 4(3): 462-473.
8. Family R, Celik S, Mengüç MP. 2020. Coupled heat transfer analysis and experiments to evaluate the radiative cooling potential of concrete and green roofs for buildings. Heat and Mass Transf, 56: 2605-2617.

9. Gel MK. 2010. Polimer bitümlü membranlarla temel ve teras su yalıtım uygulamaları, uygulama teknikleri. BTM A.Ş. Teknik Yayınlar. URL: https://www.izoder.org.tr/dosyalar/ polimerbitumlumembranlarlatemel-ve-terassuyalitimuyg.pdf (access date: May 15, 2022).
10. Hao X, Liu L, Tan H, Lin Y, Hu J, Yin W. 2022. The impacts of greenery systems on indoor thermal environments in transition seasons: an experimental investigation. Buildings, 12(506): 1-21.
11. Huang YY, Ma TJ. 2019. Using edible plant and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) to strengthen the thermal performance of extensive green roofs in subtropical urban areas. Energies, 12(3): 424.
12. Juras P. 2022. Positive aspects of green roof reducing energy consumption in winter. Energies, 15(1493): 1-14.
13. Kaboré M, Bozonnet E, Salagnac P. 2020. Building and urban cooling performance indexes of wetted and green roofs—a case study under current and future climates. Energies, 13(23): 6192.
14. Kon O, Caner İ, İlten N. 2021. Life cycle assessment of energy-efficient improvement for external walls of hospital building, Int J Glob, 25(3/4): 408-423.
15. Kurekci NA. 2016. Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls by using heating and cooling degree-day values of all Turkey’s provincial centers. Energy Build, 118: 197-213.
16. Lee LS, Jim CY. 2020. Thermal-irradiance behaviours of subtropical intensive green roof in winter and landscape-soil design implications. Energy Build, 209: 109692.
17. Lewandowski WM, Lewandowska-Iwaniak W. 2014. The external walls of a passive building: A classification and description of their thermal and optical properties. Energy Build, 69: 93-102.
18. Mahapatra D, Madav V, Setty ABTP. 2022. Evaluation of optimum thickness of insulation materials and their carbon mitigation potential in Indian climatic zone. Environ Sci Pollut Res, (in press). DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1565499/v1.
19. Mahmoud S, Ismaeel WS. 2019. Developing sustainable design guidelines for roof design in a hot arid climate. Archit Sci Rev, 62(6): 507-519.
20. Ozel M. 2013. Thermal, economical and environmental analysis of insulated building walls in a cold climate. Energy Convers Manag, 76: 674-684.
21. Peng LL, Yang X, He Y, Hu Z, Xu T, Jiang Z, Yao L. 2019. Thermal and energy performance of two distinct green roofs: Temporal pattern and underlying factors in a subtropical climate. Energy Build, 185: 247-258.
22. Ragab A, Abdelrady A. 2020. Impact of green roofs on energy demand for cooling in Egyptian buildings. Sustainability, 12(14): 5729.
23. Rosti B, Omidvar A, Monghasemi N. 2019. Optimum position and distribution of insulation layers for exterior walls of a building conditioned by earth-air heat exchanger. App Therm Eng, 163: 114362.
24. Saydam DB, Özalp C, Hürdoğan E, Polat C, Kavun E. 2021. Yeşil çatı uygulamasının örnek bir bina için isıtma ihtiyacı ve çevre emisyonlarına etkisinin incelenmesi. Müh Makina, 62(703): 204-220.
25. Seçkin NP, Seçkin YÇ. 2016, Mimari tasarimda yeşil çatilarin gelişimi. 8. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, June 2-3, 2016, İstanbul, Türkiye.
26. Tang M, Zheng X. 2019. Experimental study of the thermal performance of an extensive green roof on sunny summer days. App Energy, 242: 1010-1021.
27. Topçuoğlu K. 2017. Yalıtım teknolojisi, 2. Basım, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 120.
28. TSE. 2013. 825, Binalarda isı yalıtım kuralları, Türk Standardı.
29. Ulaş A. 2010. Basen on TS 825 directivce, analysis of heat loss, fuel consumption, carbondioxide emission and cost for buildings. MSc Thesis, Gazi University Institute of Science, Mechanical Engineering, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 155.
30. Vermaa M, Asafo-Adjeib D. 2021. Green approach to reducing electricity consumption in Ghana - current status and future prospect: a review. J Emerg Tech Innov Res, 8(5): 772-782.
31. Wahba SM, Kamel BA, Nassar KM, Abdelsalam AS. 2018. Effectiveness of green roofs and green walls on energy consumption and indoor comfort in arid climates. Civ Eng J, 4(10): 2284-2295.
32. Wang H, Huang Y, Yang L. 2022. Integrated economic and environmental assessment‐based optimization design method of building roof thermal insulation. Buildings, 12(916): 1-20.
33. Yin H, Kong F, Dronova I, Middel A, James P. 2019. Investigation of extensive green roof outdoor spatio-temporal thermal performance during summer in a subtropical monsoon climate. Sci Total Environ, 696: 133976.