Investigation of The Effects of Extraction Polarity Change on the Bioactivity of Eruca vesicaria

Öz

Eruca vesicaria (arugula) plant is frequently used today as a daily food source that contains a rich variety of minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin C. It also contains a high percentage of phenolic compounds which are structures that plants develop to protect themselves from harmful organisms. Phenolic compounds found in plants are obtained by different extraction methods and have a high antioxidant effect. In this study, we report, anticancer activity extract from Eruca vesicaria against human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) in vitro. The phenolic substances contained in the plant were obtained in different concentrations by the extraction technique based on the polarity difference. HPLC and total phenol content were determined to perform extraction content analysis. According to in vitro MTT cell proliferation assay, it acted at high concentrations, regardless of polarity differences. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in extract extracted with 50% ethanol concentration. It has been observed that it has an anticancer effect compared to the determination of total phenol content. Also, because of 24-hour MIC analysis, it shows antibacterial properties according to agent concentration. As a result of this study, it adds many new information to the literature, but also provides guidance for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eruca vesicaria
• Anticancer
• Antibacterial
• Phenolic contents
• HPLC

Kaynakça

1. Allen RG, Tresini M. 2000. Oxidative stress and gene regulation. Free Radic Biol Med, 28: 463-499.
2. Bell L and Wagstaff C. 2019. Rocket science: A review of phytochemical & health-related research in Eruca & Diplotaxis species. Food Chem X, 1: 100002.
3. Bell L, Oruna-Concha MJ, Wagstaff C. 2015. Identification and quantification of glucosinolate and flavonol compounds in rocket salad (Eruca sativa, Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) by LC MS: Highlighting the potential for improving nutritional value of rocket crops. Food Chem, 172: 852-861.
4. Bennett RN, Rosa EAS, Mellon FA, Kroon PA. 2006. Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa (Salad Rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (Wall Rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Wild Rocket), and Bunias orientalis (Turkish Rocket). J Agric Food Chem, 54(1): 4005-4015.
5. Bianco VV and Boari F. 1996. Up-to-date Developments on wild rocket cultivation. In: Padulosi S, Pignone D, editors Rocket: A Mediterranean Crop for the World. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Legnoro (Padova), Italy, pp: 41.
6. Boyd O, Weng P, Sun X, Alberico T, Laslo M, Obenland DM, Kern B, Zou S. 2011. Nectarine promotes longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med, 50 (11): 1669-1678.
7. Chiemchaisri W, Wandee S, Chan R, Chiemchaisi C. 2021. Alteration of antibiotic-resistant phenotypes and minimal inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli in pig farming: Comparison between closed and open farming systems. Sci Total Environ, 781: 146743.
8. Elsadek MF, El-Din MME, Ahmed BM. 2021. Evaluation of anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of Eruca sativa extracts versus Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. J King Saud Univ Sci, 33(4): 101435.

9. Eroğlu E, Portakal HS, Pamukçu A. 2020. A new generation nanotherapeutic: pHEMA-chitosan nanocomposites in siRNA Delivery. Curr Nanosci, 16(6): 380-389.
10. Gasper AV, Traka M, Bacon JR, Smith JA, Tailor MA, Hawkey CJ, Barret DA, Mithen R. 2007. Consuming broccoli does not induce genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and cell cycle control in human gastric mucosa. J Nutr, 137: 1718-1724.
11. Gillian R. 2009. The oxford companion to Italian food. J Agric Food Chem, 57: 5227-5234
12. Jin J, Koroleva OA, Gibson T, Swanston J, Magan J, Zhang Y, Rowland IR, Wagstaff C. 2009. Analysis of phytochemical composition and chemoprotective capacity of rocket (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) leafy salad following cultivation in different environments. J Agric Food Chem, 57(12): 5227-5234.
13. Kim SJ, Ishii G. 2006. Glucosinolate profiles in the seeds, leaves and roots of rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.) and anti-oxidative activities of intact plant powder and purified 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 52: 394-400.
14. Lamy E, Schröder J, Paulus S, Brenk P, Stahl T, Mersch-Sundermann V. 2008. Antigenotoxic properties of Eruca sativa (rocket plant), erucin and erysolin in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells towards benzo(a)pyrene and their mode of action. Food Chem Toxicol, 46: 2415-2421.
15. Peroni RN, Roma MI, Lampropulos VES, Ayllon-Cabrera I, Sanabria AN, Nigro MML, Carballo MA. 2019. Modulation of hepatic ABC transporters by Eruca vesicaria intake: Potential diet-drug interactions. Food Chem Toxicol, 133: 110797.
16. Slinkard K and Singleton VL. 1977. Total phenol analysis; automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Vitic, 28: 49-55.
17. Xia P, Feng W, Zhang L, Yuan Q, Wang Y, Yao P, Sun F. 2021. Effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentration ceftazidime on the pathogenicity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog, 151: 104748.