Kalp Ritim Bozukluklarının Çok Sınıflı Sınıflandırılmasında ReliefF Yöntemi ve Makine Öğrenimi Tabanlı Yaklaşım

Öz

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH), dünya genelinde ciddi sağlık tehditleri arasında yer almakta ve tüm ölümlerin yaklaşık %32'sine neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, KVH'ların erken tanısı ve uygun tedaviye başlanması hayati önem taşımaktadır. Elektrokardiyografi (EKG), kalbin elektriksel aktivitesinin kaydedilmesiyle elde edilen önemli bir tanı yöntemidir. Ancak, aritmi gibi kalp rahatsızlıklarının tanısı, uzman klinisyenlerin gözle incelemesine dayanmakta ve bu süreç zaman alıcı ve zahmetli olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, EKG sinyallerinden otomatik aritmi tespiti için bir bilgisayar destekli sistem geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Normal sinüs ritmi, pacemaker ritmi ve 15 farklı aritmi olmak üzere toplam 17 farklı kardiyak aktivite; EKG sinyallerinden çok çeşitli öznitelik çıkarımı, ReliefF kullanılarak öznitelik seçimi ve farklı makine öğrenimi algoritmalarını kullanılması ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, K-En Yakın Komşu ve Rastgele Orman algoritmalarının %93,4 ve %99,23 doğruluk oranları ile en yüksek başarıyı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, aritmilerin çok sınıflı sınıflandırmasında EKG sinyallerinden morfolojik, zaman, frekans, entropi ve karmaşıklık özniteliklerini bir arada çıkararak, farklı makine öğrenimi algoritmaları kullanarak 17 farklı kardiyak aktivite sınıfını yüksek doğruluk oranlarıyla sınıflandırmıştır. Böylece, literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklılaşarak aritminin otomatik sınıflandırılmasına önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektrokardiyogram
• Aritmi
• Öznitelik seçimi
• ReliefF
• Makine öğrenimi
• Sınıflandırma

The ReliefF Method and Machine Learning-Based Approach in the Multi-Class Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Öz

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant health threat worldwide and account for approximately 32% of all deaths. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment of CVDs are crucial. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an important diagnostic method that involves recording the electrical activity of the heart. However, the diagnosis of heart disorders, such as arrhythmias, relies on the visual examination of expert clinicians, making this process time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to develop a computer-assisted system for automatic arrhythmia detection from ECG signals. A total of 17 different cardiac activities, including normal sinus rhythm, pacemaker rhythm, and 15 different arrhythmias, were classified using various feature extraction methods from ECG signals, feature selection through ReliefF, and different machine learning algorithms. The results obtained show that the K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest algorithms achieved the highest accuracies of 93.4% and 99.23%, respectively. This study distinguishes itself from existing literature by extracting morphological, temporal, frequency, entropy, and complexity features from ECG signals for multi-class classification of arrhythmias and successfully classifying the 17 different cardiac activity classes with high accuracy. Thus, it provides a significant contribution to the automatic classification of arrhythmias.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electrocardiogram
• Arrhythmia
• Feature selection
• ReliefF
• Machine learning
• Classification

Kaynakça

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