Araştırma Makalesi

A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 6 15 Kasım 2026
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A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast

Öz

Sediments on the seafloor (sand, gravel, and rock particles) are constantly being transported by waves and currents, and this process causes erosion or accretion along the shoreline. In addition to natural processes, human-induced interventions can also significantly alter coastal morphology. Therefore, the regular monitoring of changes along the shoreline is of great importance for the sustainable management of coastal areas and the identification of appropriate protective measures. In this study, shoreline changes between 2014 and 2024 were examined along an approximately 8-km-long coastal strip located on the Karasu coast in Sakarya, between the mouths of the Sakarya River and Küçükboğaz Lake. The study evaluated shoreline data derived from GNSS measurements taken in 2014, 2018, 2020, and 2024, along with digitized shoreline data from satellite imagery acquired in 2016 and 2022. Spatial changes in the shoreline were determined at 38 reference points spaced approximately 220 m apart, and approximate areas of erosion and accretion were calculated using the resulting distance changes. The results indicate that significant coastal accretion occurred in the study area between 2014 and 2020, reaching a peak cumulative accretion area of approximately 147.118,17 m² in 2020. In contrast, coastal erosion has become dominant since 2020, and as of 2024, the cumulative accretion area has decreased to approximately 30.533,68m². The most significant erosion was observed in the area between reference points 1, 2, 3, and 4, starting from the Sakarya river estuary, and in the section between reference points 33 and 38, extending from the area where the breakwaters end in the east of the study area to Küçükboğaz lake. The findings reveal the temporal evolution of morphological changes along the Karasu coast and provide important scientific data for reassessing the performance of existing coastal protection structures and developing sustainable coastal management strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Açıkkol, A. (2023). İklim değişikliği etkisinde kıyı çizgisi gelişiminin incelenmesi: Karasu kıyı alanı örneği (Master's thesis, Yıldız Technical University).
  2. Aktaş, C., & Bahadır, M. (2022). Çam Burnu (Ordu) ile Gül Burnu (Giresun) arası kıyı çizgisinin zamansal değişimi ve kıyı kullanımı. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education, (45), 320–348. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1016311
  3. Ali, E. (2018). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) modellemesi kullanılarak Karasu kıyı alanı için deniz seviyesi yükselmesinin (DSY) etki değerlendirmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Atılım University).
  4. Armenio, E., De Serio, F., Mossa, M., & Petrillo, A. F. (2019). Coastline evolution based on statistical analysis and modeling. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(9), 1937–1953. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1937-2019
  5. Chen, J.-C., & Wang, Y.-M. (2020). Comparing activation functions in modeling shoreline variation using multilayer perceptron neural network. Water, 12(5), Article 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051281
  6. Çelik, O. İ. (2020). Uydu görüntülerinden kıyı çizgisi tespitinde makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının performanslarının deneysel olarak karşılaştırılması (Master's thesis, Istanbul University).
  7. Dang, K. B., Dang, V. B., Bui, Q.-T., Nguyen, V. V., Pham, T. P. N., & Ngo, V. L. (2020). A convolutional neural network for coastal classification based on ALOS and NOAA satellite data. IEEE Access, 8, 11824–11839. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2965231
  8. Dipova, N. (2016). Antalya Konyaaltı sahilinde kıyı erozyonu tehlikesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(S1), 223–231.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kıyı Bilimleri ve Mühendisliği, Su Kaynakları Mühendisliği, Su Kaynakları ve Su Yapıları, İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Kasım 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Temmuz 2026

Kabul Tarihi

16 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çiftci, Ö. B., Özölçer, İ. H., & Aksoy, B. (2026). A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(6), 2996-3003. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.2006657
AMA
1.Çiftci ÖB, Özölçer İH, Aksoy B. A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(6):2996-3003. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.2006657
Chicago
Çiftci, Ömer Burkay, İsmail Hakkı Özölçer, ve Berna Aksoy. 2026. “A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (6): 2996-3003. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.2006657.
EndNote
Çiftci ÖB, Özölçer İH, Aksoy B (15 Kasım 2026) A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 6 2996–3003.
IEEE
[1]Ö. B. Çiftci, İ. H. Özölçer, ve B. Aksoy, “A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 9, sy 6, ss. 2996–3003, Kas. 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.2006657.
ISNAD
Çiftci, Ömer Burkay - Özölçer, İsmail Hakkı - Aksoy, Berna. “A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/6 (15 Kasım 2026): 2996-3003. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.2006657.
JAMA
1.Çiftci ÖB, Özölçer İH, Aksoy B. A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:2996–3003.
MLA
Çiftci, Ömer Burkay, vd. “A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 9, sy 6, Kasım 2026, ss. 2996-03, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.2006657.
Vancouver
1.Ömer Burkay Çiftci, İsmail Hakkı Özölçer, Berna Aksoy. A Temporal Analysis of Shoreline Change along the Karasu (Sakarya) Coast. BSJ Eng. Sci. 15 Kasım 2026;9(6):2996-3003. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.2006657