Stabilization of Clay Soils Using Fly Ash

Öz

Nowadays, environmental pollution is a serious problem in the world. Thermal power plants are used in many countries to meet the energy needs of growing cities. A lot of quantity of Fly Ash is produced while this energy is generated. Using such waste materials in construction offers significant advantages over current admixtures because they are typically less costly and provides environmental protection. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been exploring new solutions for the use of such waste materials. In this study, the effect of 2% lime and different percentages of Orhaneli fly ash added to a clay soil taken from Bursa Uludağ University campus has been investigated. By using the sieve and hydrometer analysis and Atterberg Limit tests, the soil classification has been made. The optimum water content and maximum dry density of the mixtures were determined by the normal compaction test. In order to assess the strength of the mixtures, unconfined compression tests were carried out after various curing times (3 days, 7 days and 28 days). As a result of the experiments, it was found that adding lime and fly ash into the clay soil by different percentages increases the strength of the high plasticity clay in varying ratios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Clay,Fly ash,Unconfined compression test,Curing time,Soil stabilization

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous. 1998. ASTM D-2487-98 Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA.
2. Anonymous. 1998. ASTM-D 2216 – 98, Standard test method for laboratory determination of water (Moisture) content of soil and rock by mass. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA.
3. Anonymous. 2005. ASTM D-4318 – 05, Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. American Society for Testing and Materials.
4. Anonymous. 2005. ASTM D-698, Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA.
5. Anonymous. 2016. ASTM D-2166 – 06, Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil. American Society for Testing and Materials.
6. Armin R, Behzad K. 2013. Stabilization of clayey soil with lime and waste stone powder. Inter J Sci Res Know, 1(12): 547-556, 2013.
7. Dallas NL, Nair S. 2009. (NCHRP), Recommended practice for stabilization of subgrade soils and base materials. Web-Only Document 144, Project 20-07, August 2009.
8. Du Y, Li S, Hayashi S. 1999. Swelling-shrinkage properties and soil improvement of compacted expansive soil, Ning-Liang Highway. Engin Geol, 53(3–4): 351–358.

9. Estabragh AR, Moghadas M, Javadi AA. 2013. Effect of different types of wetting fluids on the behaviour of expansive soil during wetting and drying. Soils Found, 53: 617-27.
10. Ferguson G. 1993. Use of self-cementing fly ashes as a soil stabilization agent, fly ash for soil improvement, Geotechnical Special Publication, 36, 1-15, Ed.: Sharp K.D., ASCE, New York.
11. Hasan H, Dang L, Khabbaz H, Fatahi B, Terzaghi S. 2016. Remediation of expansive soils using agricultural waste bagasse ash. Procedia Engin, 143: 1368-75.
12. Hausmann MR. 1990. Engineering principles of ground modification, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 632.
13. Kolias S, Kasselouri-Rigopoulou V, Karahalios A. 2005. Stabilization of clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement, Cement Concrete Comp.
14. Prabakar J, Dendorkar N, Morchhale RK. 2004. Influence of fly ash on strength behavior of typical soils. Constr Build Material, 18(4): 263-267.
15. Puppala AJ. 2016. Advances in ground modification with chemical additives: From theory to practice. Transport Geotech, 9: 123-38.
16. Sabat AK, Muni PK. 2015. Effects of limestone dust on geotechnical properties of expansive soil. Int J Appl Eng Res, 10, 37724–37730.
17. Saeid A, Amin C, Hamid NA. 2012. Review on the lime and fly ash application in soil stabilization, IJBEES, 1, 3ISSN 2277 – 4394.
18. Sherwood P. 1993. Soil stabilization with cement and lime. State of the Art Review. London: Transport Research Laboratory, HMSO.
19. Thygaraj T, Sudhakar MR, Sai Suresh P, Salini U. 2012. Laboratory studies on stabilization of an expansive soil by lime precipitation technique. J Materials in Civil Engin, 24(8):1067-1075.
20. Tosun H, Turköz M. 2000. Stabilisation of expansive clays with the hydrated Lime. Eighth National Congress of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, ITU, Istanbul.
21. Tumluer G. 2006. Shear strength of sand-mixed with cement. MSc Thesis, Çukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adana.
22. Ünver E. 2015. Stabilization of problematic clay soils with fly ash. MSc Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir.
23. Wasemiller MA, Hoddinott KB. 1997. Testing soils mixed with waste or recycled materials. ASTM STP, 1275, Pennsylvania, 340.
24. Zhang T, Cai G, Liu S. 2017. Application of lignin-based by-product stabilized silty soil in highway subgrade: A field investigation. J Cleaner Prod, 142:43-57.