AB Ülkelerinin Dijitalleşme Seviyelerinin Yeni Bir VIKOR Uzantısıyla Karşılaştırılması
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 199 - 205, 15.01.2025
Furkan Göktaş
,
Sümeyra Sezer Kaplan
Öz
Dijitalleşme kavramı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinin 2017-2022 dönemindeki dijitalleşme seviyelerinin bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu nedenle VIKOR yönteminin norm minimizasyonuna dayalı bir uzantısı (NM-VIKOR) bu çalışmada önerilmiştir ve bu uzantı grup karar verme problemleri için genelleştirilmiştir. Bu genel hal NMG-VIKOR olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar tanımları gereği tek çözüm vermektedir. NM-VIKOR kullanılarak yapılan karşılaştırmalara göre; 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında Danimarka ilk sırada iken 2017, 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Finlandiya ilk sıradadır. Tüm periyot için NMG-VIKOR kullanılarak yapılan karşılaştırmaya göre; Finlandiya ve Danimarka sıralaması vardır. Buna karşın diğer AB ülkeleri dijital gelişim açısından görece yetersizdir.
Etik Beyan
Bu araştırmada hayvanlar ve insanlar üzerinde herhangi bir çalışma yapılmadığı için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2023a. A Data Envelopment Analysis model for ranking digital development in the countries of the European Union without explicit inputs and common weights analysis. Decis Anal J, 6: 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100167
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2023b. Measurement of digital development with partial orders, Tiered DEA, and cluster analysis for the European Union. Int Rev Appl Sci Eng, 14(3): 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2023.00612
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2024. Sensitivity of TOPSIS ranks to data normalization and objective weights on the example of digital development. Cent Eur J Oper Res, 32(1): 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-023-00876-y
- Beck A, Sabach S. 2014. A first order method for finding minimal norm-like solutions of convex optimization problems. Math Program, 147(1): 25-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-013-0708-2
- Boyd SP, Vandenberghe L. 2004. Convex optimization. Cambridge University Press.
- Calp MH. 2020. The role of artificial intelligence within the scope of digital transformation in enterprises. In Advanced MIS and digital transformation for increased creativity and innovation in business. IGI Global, pp: 122-146.
- Chatterjee P, Chakraborty S. 2016. A comparative analysis of VIKOR method and its variants. Decis Sci Lett, 5(4): 469-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2016.5.004
- DESI. 2022a. Metadata. URL: https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/datasets/desi-2022/metadata (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- DESI. 2022b. Thematic chapters and methodological note. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- Georgescu MR, Lungu AE, Bogoslov IA, Stoica EA. 2023. European Efficiency or Inefficiency in Economic Growth Through Digital Transformation. Sci Ann Econ Bus, 70: 19-31. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0010
- Göktaş F. 2024. İskandinav ülkelerinin dijital toplum seviyelerinin yeni bir TOPSIS uzantısı ile karşılaştırılması. J Innov Eng Nat Sci, 4(2): 482-494. https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1461755
- Grant MC, Boyd SP. 2008. Graph implementations for nonsmooth convex programs. In Recent advances in learning and control. Springer London, pp: 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-155-8_7
- Ionescu-Feleaga L, Ionescu BȘ, Stoica OC. 2023. The Link between Digitization and the Sustainable Development in European Union Countries. Electronics, 12(4): 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040961
- ITU. 2019. Measuring digital development facts and figures. URL: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/facts/default.aspx (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- Kiselakova D, Sofrankova B, Sira E, Fedorcíkova R. 2022. Assessment of the digital economy's level among the EU countries-an empirical study. Pol J Manag Stud, 26(1): 107-124. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.1.07
- Kumar R, Sachan A, Mukherjee A. 2018. Direct vs indirect e-government adoption: an exploratory study. Dig Policy Regul, 19(1): 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-05-2021-0060
- Marti L, Puertas R. 2023. Analysis of European competitiveness based on its innovative capacity and digitalization level. Technol Soc, 72: 102206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102206
- Skvarciany V, Lapinskaitė I, Stasytytė V. 2023. Efficiency of digital economy in the context of sustainable development: DEA-Tobit approach. Prague Econ Pap, 32(2): 129-158. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.824
- Stankovic JJ, Marjanovic I, Drezgic S, Popovic Z. 2021. The digital competitiveness of European countries: A multiple-criteria approach. J Compet, 13(2): 117-134. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.02.07
- Van Laar E, Van Deursen AJ, Van Dijk JA, De Haan J. 2017. The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Comput Hum Behav, 72: 577-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
- Zerhouni MN, Özarı Ç. 2022. Assessment of international digital economy and society index using entropy based TOPSIS methods. Int J Rec Res Commerce Economics Manag, 9(2): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6579884.
The Comparison of Digitalization Levels of EU Countries with a Novel VIKOR Extension
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 199 - 205, 15.01.2025
Furkan Göktaş
,
Sümeyra Sezer Kaplan
Öz
The concept of digitalization is gaining importance day by day. This study aims to compare the digitalization levels of European Union (EU) countries in the 2017-2022 period from a holistic perspective. Thus, in this study, the extension of the VIKOR method based on norm minimization (NM-VIKOR) is proposed, and this extension is generalized for group decision-making problems. This general case is called NMG-VIKOR. These approaches give unique solutions by definitions. As a result of the comparisons made using NM-VIKOR, Finland is first ranked in the years 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 whereas Denmark is first ranked in the years 2021 and 2022. As a result of the comparison using NMG-VIKOR for the whole period, Finland and Denmark rankings are obtained. In contrast, other EU countries are relatively inadequate in terms of digital development.
Etik Beyan
Bu araştırmada hayvanlar ve insanlar üzerinde herhangi bir çalışma yapılmadığı için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2023a. A Data Envelopment Analysis model for ranking digital development in the countries of the European Union without explicit inputs and common weights analysis. Decis Anal J, 6: 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100167
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2023b. Measurement of digital development with partial orders, Tiered DEA, and cluster analysis for the European Union. Int Rev Appl Sci Eng, 14(3): 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2023.00612
- Bánhidi Z, Dobos I. 2024. Sensitivity of TOPSIS ranks to data normalization and objective weights on the example of digital development. Cent Eur J Oper Res, 32(1): 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-023-00876-y
- Beck A, Sabach S. 2014. A first order method for finding minimal norm-like solutions of convex optimization problems. Math Program, 147(1): 25-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-013-0708-2
- Boyd SP, Vandenberghe L. 2004. Convex optimization. Cambridge University Press.
- Calp MH. 2020. The role of artificial intelligence within the scope of digital transformation in enterprises. In Advanced MIS and digital transformation for increased creativity and innovation in business. IGI Global, pp: 122-146.
- Chatterjee P, Chakraborty S. 2016. A comparative analysis of VIKOR method and its variants. Decis Sci Lett, 5(4): 469-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2016.5.004
- DESI. 2022a. Metadata. URL: https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/datasets/desi-2022/metadata (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- DESI. 2022b. Thematic chapters and methodological note. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- Georgescu MR, Lungu AE, Bogoslov IA, Stoica EA. 2023. European Efficiency or Inefficiency in Economic Growth Through Digital Transformation. Sci Ann Econ Bus, 70: 19-31. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0010
- Göktaş F. 2024. İskandinav ülkelerinin dijital toplum seviyelerinin yeni bir TOPSIS uzantısı ile karşılaştırılması. J Innov Eng Nat Sci, 4(2): 482-494. https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1461755
- Grant MC, Boyd SP. 2008. Graph implementations for nonsmooth convex programs. In Recent advances in learning and control. Springer London, pp: 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-155-8_7
- Ionescu-Feleaga L, Ionescu BȘ, Stoica OC. 2023. The Link between Digitization and the Sustainable Development in European Union Countries. Electronics, 12(4): 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040961
- ITU. 2019. Measuring digital development facts and figures. URL: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/facts/default.aspx (erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024).
- Kiselakova D, Sofrankova B, Sira E, Fedorcíkova R. 2022. Assessment of the digital economy's level among the EU countries-an empirical study. Pol J Manag Stud, 26(1): 107-124. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.1.07
- Kumar R, Sachan A, Mukherjee A. 2018. Direct vs indirect e-government adoption: an exploratory study. Dig Policy Regul, 19(1): 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-05-2021-0060
- Marti L, Puertas R. 2023. Analysis of European competitiveness based on its innovative capacity and digitalization level. Technol Soc, 72: 102206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102206
- Skvarciany V, Lapinskaitė I, Stasytytė V. 2023. Efficiency of digital economy in the context of sustainable development: DEA-Tobit approach. Prague Econ Pap, 32(2): 129-158. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.824
- Stankovic JJ, Marjanovic I, Drezgic S, Popovic Z. 2021. The digital competitiveness of European countries: A multiple-criteria approach. J Compet, 13(2): 117-134. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.02.07
- Van Laar E, Van Deursen AJ, Van Dijk JA, De Haan J. 2017. The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Comput Hum Behav, 72: 577-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
- Zerhouni MN, Özarı Ç. 2022. Assessment of international digital economy and society index using entropy based TOPSIS methods. Int J Rec Res Commerce Economics Manag, 9(2): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6579884.