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Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 1067 - 1075, 15.07.2025

Emre Görgün , Mehtap Erşan

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1673480

Öz

This study investigated the corrosion inhibition of X120Mn12 steel in a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution using a novel biomass-derived inhibitor, Modified Lignin-Based Corrosion Protector (MLCP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed a significant reduction in surface corrosion with increasing MLCP concentration. At 15 mg/L, the surface exhibited almost no signs of corrosion, indicating the formation of an effective protective film by MLCP. These findings strongly demonstrated that MLCP could be used as a high-performance and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for X120Mn12 steel, effectively preventing corrosion in acidic environments. This research investigated the potential applications and mechanisms of environmentally friendly inhibitors to prevent the corrosion of X120Mn12 steel under acidic conditions. In this study, the inhibitory effect of MLCP on X120Mn12 steel was investigated. SEM analyses showed a significant reduction in corrosion damage with increasing MLCP concentration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

X120Mn12 steel Corrosion Inhibition Nanolignin

Kaynakça

  • Abouelenein MG, Abdeen MM, El-Shamy OAA, Ibrahim MA, Farag AA. 2025. Pyranopyrazole derivative, a new corrosion inhibitor designed for managing the corrosion problem of aluminum metal in alkaline solution. Electrochim Acta, 514: 145675.
  • Ahmed MA, Amin S, Mohamed AA. 2024. Current and emerging trends of inorganic, organic and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. RSC Adv 14: 31877-31920.
  • Akkus A, Gorgun E. 2015. The investigation of mechanical behaviors of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the addition of bone ash, hydroxyapatite and keratin. Adv Mater, 4: 16-19.
  • Al Kiey SA, El-Sayed AA, Khalil AM. 2024. Controlling corrosion protection of mild steel in acidic environment via environmentally benign organic inhibitor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 683: 133089.
  • Aleutdinova M, Fadin V. 2025. Effect of the initial structure of steels on the deterioration of their contact layers in dry sliding against quenched steel under alternating electric current of a density higher than 100 A/cm². Wear, 572-573: 205985.
  • Bhadra J, Alkareem A, Al-Thani N. 2020. A review of advances in the preparation and application of polyaniline based thermoset blends and composites. J Polym Res, 27: 122.
  • Dadkhah A, Schmidova E, Schmid M. 2025. Advances in plasma technique for Hadfield-coated layers to enhance mechanical durability of R260 rail steel. Results Surf Interfaces, 2025: 100477.
  • Demir T, Demirel B, Öztürk M. 2024. Valorisation of the effect of waste aluminum sawdust on concrete: durability characteristics and environmental impacts. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 109-120.
  • Doğan K, Dağ B. 2024. Design and optimization of voltage mode PWM control of DC-DC buck converter with a PI-lead compensator using the simulated annealing algorithm. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 72-88.
  • Ennafaa F, Chraka A, Tassaoui K, Zerkani H, El Rhaffari L. 2025. An experimental and dual computational study using DFT and MD simulations to better understand the adsorption and corrosion inhibiting properties of N-(3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl saccharin for C38 steel in acidic medium. Mater Chem Phys., 334: 130441.
  • Fernandes FD, da Silva G. 2024. MLCP phytochemicals/plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors for copper in biodiesel. Phytochem Corros Sci, 2024: 347-362.
  • Ghehsareh Z, Sayah T, Moharramnejad M, Gheysari HR. 2025. Green guardians: a comprehensive review of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors from plant extract to ionic-liquids in industrial applications. Prog Org Coat., 201: 109146.
  • Gorgun E. 2024a. Numerical analysis of inflow turbulence intensity impact on the stress and fatigue life of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine. Phys Fluids, 36(1): 30-36.
  • Gorgun E. 2024b. Ultrasonic testing and surface conditioning techniques for enhanced thermoplastic adhesive bonds. J Mech Sci Technol, 38(3): 1227-1236.
  • Görgün E. 2022. Characterization of superalloys by artificial neural network method. Presented at: Online Int Symp Appl Math Eng (ISAME22), Jan 21-23, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 67.
  • Hamood AF, Habeeb HM, Abdulhussein BA, Ahmed BA, Ismail AA. 2024. Weight loss, electrochemical measurements and DFT studies on corrosion inhibition by 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarin. Results Eng, 23: 102677.
  • He H, Zhang Z, Jiang C, He C. 2025. Research progress of carbon dots as novel corrosion inhibitors. J Mol Struct, 1334: 141894.
  • Iyyappan S, KP VK, Ponram P, Karthik B. 2024. Exploring copper corrosion inhibition in value added neem biodiesel: evaluation by traditional and machine learning approaches. Ind Crops Prod, 219: 119073.
  • Jebali Z, Ferkous H, Zerroug M, Sayah T, Moharramnejad M. 2024. Unveiling the potent corrosion-inhibiting power of Ammophila arenaria aqueous extract for mild steel in acidic environments: an integrated experimental and computational study. J Environ Chem Eng, 12: 112374.
  • Jia S, Akiyama M, Frangopol DM, Xu Z. 2024. Bayesian inference of the spatial distribution of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures using corrosion-induced crack width. Struct Saf, 111: 102518.
  • Jiménez-Marcos C, Mirza-Rosca JC, Baltatu MS, Vizureanu P. 2025. Two novel Ti–Mo–Ta–Zr alloys for medical devices: their microstructure, corrosion resistance and microhardness characteristics. Mater Chem Phys, 334: 130511.
  • Lakshmi A, Pandit P, Nayak G, Arunkumar P, Kumar KS, Santhosh PB. 2024. Influence of corrosion-based section loss on morphology and tensile capacity of pre-stressing strands. J Struct Integr Maint, 9: 24705314.2024.2302655.
  • Li Y, Sun H, Mu T, Garcia-Vaquero M. 2025. Sustainable closed-loop biorefinery of γ-valerolactone from lignocellulosic biomass: pretreatments of multiple biomass and synthesis of γ-valerolactone from multiple biomass-derived feedstocks. Biomass Bioenergy., 193: 107594.
  • Liu W, Dong B, Chen P, Li Y, Yang D. 2024. Effect of electrodeposition potential on the growth mechanism and corrosion resistance of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide film on steel substrate via electrodeposition-hydrothermal method. J Build Eng, 97: 110831.
  • Luo ZG, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang W, Wu M. 2024. Modified nano-lignin as a novel biomass-derived corrosion inhibitor for enhanced corrosion resistance of carbon steel. Corros Sci, 227: 111705.
  • Maizia R, Djermoune A, Amoura D, Boukraa S. 2025. Bidens aurea Aiton plant extract as a green and sustainable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel X42 in hydrochloric acidic medium: experimental and computational studies. Mater Chem Phys, 2025: 130740.
  • Onukwuli OD, Nnanwube IA, Ochili FO, Omotioma M. 2024. DFT, experimental and optimization studies on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in H₂SO₄ with danacid as inhibitor. Results Eng, 24: 103113.
  • Oppermann F, Bernsmann JS, Kies F, Pippel E, Kauffmann A. 2025. In situ carbide formation causing strain-age cracking in additively manufactured, highly alloyed steels. J Mater Res Technol, 35: 4457-4472.
  • Pei J, Yang H, He Y, Xu J, Wang X. 2024. Microstructure evolution and property of high manganese steel coatings by laser shock assisted laser wire cladding. J Mater Process Technol, 328: 118413.
  • Rai A, Szczerba M, Karbowniczek J, Kuncewicz M, Skwarek E. 2025. Enhanced corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy via surface transfer of microwave-synthesized, non-toxic, and ultra-smooth nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon thin film. Appl Surf Sci, 695: 162847.
  • Razali NZK, Wan Hassan WNS, Sheikh Mohd Ghazali SAI, Mohd Radzi AH. 2024. DFT, Fukui indices, and molecular dynamic simulation studies on corrosion inhibition characteristics: a review. Chem Pap, 78: 715-731.
  • Sharma S, Dwivedi SP, Li C, Sinha RK. 2024. Unveiling of grain structure, porosity, phase distributions, microstructural morphology, surface hardness, and tribo-corrosion characteristics of nickel, and titanium dioxide-based SS-304 steel microwave composite coatings cladding. J Mater Res Technol, 28: 4299-4316.
  • Shwetha KM, Praveen BM, Devendra BK. 2024. A review on corrosion inhibitors: types, mechanisms, electrochemical analysis, corrosion rate and efficiency of corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in an acidic environment. Results Surf Interfaces, 2024: 100258.
  • Solmaz MY, Yanen C, Kıstak C, Aydoğmuş E. 2024. Production of chemically modified shear thickening fluids and investigation of their rheological properties. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 31-35.
  • Sun M, Lin L, Di H, Feng Y. 2025a. A study on the effects of lignocellulosic biomass components on the interactions and thermal conductivity of stearic acid: molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Heat Mass Transf, 244: 126932.
  • Sun X, Xu H, Cao Y, Li J, Chen W. 2025b. Progress in the design of molecular structure of amino acid corrosion inhibitors based on molecular orbital theory and their mechanisms: a review. J Mol Liq, 2025: 127374.
  • Wang Y, Huang J, Chen Y, Yang Z, Zhao Y. 2024. Modulating built-in electric field via Bi-VO₄-Fe interfacial bridges to enhance charge separation for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci, 672: 12-20.
  • Yang D, Liu Y, Yang T, Chen Y, Wang X. 2025. Anti-corrosion lithium anode interface by Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₄Ta₀.₆O₁₂ modified buffer layer for stable cycling of room-temperature solid-state lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci, 689: 137225.
  • Zemlik M, Konat Ł, Leśny K, Jamroziak K. 2024. Comparison of abrasive wear resistance of Hardox steel and Hadfield cast steel. Appl Sci, 14: 1114143.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 1067 - 1075, 15.07.2025

Emre Görgün , Mehtap Erşan

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1673480

Öz

This study investigated the corrosion inhibition of X120Mn12 steel in a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution using a novel biomass-derived inhibitor, Modified Lignin-Based Corrosion Protector (MLCP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed a significant reduction in surface corrosion with increasing MLCP concentration. At 15 mg/L, the surface exhibited almost no signs of corrosion, indicating the formation of an effective protective film by MLCP. These findings strongly demonstrated that MLCP could be used as a high-performance and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for X120Mn12 steel, effectively preventing corrosion in acidic environments. This research investigated the potential applications and mechanisms of environmentally friendly inhibitors to prevent the corrosion of X120Mn12 steel under acidic conditions. In this study, the inhibitory effect of MLCP on X120Mn12 steel was investigated. SEM analyses showed a significant reduction in corrosion damage with increasing MLCP concentration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

X120Mn12 steel Corrosion Inhibition Nanolignin

Kaynakça

  • Abouelenein MG, Abdeen MM, El-Shamy OAA, Ibrahim MA, Farag AA. 2025. Pyranopyrazole derivative, a new corrosion inhibitor designed for managing the corrosion problem of aluminum metal in alkaline solution. Electrochim Acta, 514: 145675.
  • Ahmed MA, Amin S, Mohamed AA. 2024. Current and emerging trends of inorganic, organic and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. RSC Adv 14: 31877-31920.
  • Akkus A, Gorgun E. 2015. The investigation of mechanical behaviors of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the addition of bone ash, hydroxyapatite and keratin. Adv Mater, 4: 16-19.
  • Al Kiey SA, El-Sayed AA, Khalil AM. 2024. Controlling corrosion protection of mild steel in acidic environment via environmentally benign organic inhibitor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 683: 133089.
  • Aleutdinova M, Fadin V. 2025. Effect of the initial structure of steels on the deterioration of their contact layers in dry sliding against quenched steel under alternating electric current of a density higher than 100 A/cm². Wear, 572-573: 205985.
  • Bhadra J, Alkareem A, Al-Thani N. 2020. A review of advances in the preparation and application of polyaniline based thermoset blends and composites. J Polym Res, 27: 122.
  • Dadkhah A, Schmidova E, Schmid M. 2025. Advances in plasma technique for Hadfield-coated layers to enhance mechanical durability of R260 rail steel. Results Surf Interfaces, 2025: 100477.
  • Demir T, Demirel B, Öztürk M. 2024. Valorisation of the effect of waste aluminum sawdust on concrete: durability characteristics and environmental impacts. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 109-120.
  • Doğan K, Dağ B. 2024. Design and optimization of voltage mode PWM control of DC-DC buck converter with a PI-lead compensator using the simulated annealing algorithm. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 72-88.
  • Ennafaa F, Chraka A, Tassaoui K, Zerkani H, El Rhaffari L. 2025. An experimental and dual computational study using DFT and MD simulations to better understand the adsorption and corrosion inhibiting properties of N-(3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl saccharin for C38 steel in acidic medium. Mater Chem Phys., 334: 130441.
  • Fernandes FD, da Silva G. 2024. MLCP phytochemicals/plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors for copper in biodiesel. Phytochem Corros Sci, 2024: 347-362.
  • Ghehsareh Z, Sayah T, Moharramnejad M, Gheysari HR. 2025. Green guardians: a comprehensive review of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors from plant extract to ionic-liquids in industrial applications. Prog Org Coat., 201: 109146.
  • Gorgun E. 2024a. Numerical analysis of inflow turbulence intensity impact on the stress and fatigue life of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine. Phys Fluids, 36(1): 30-36.
  • Gorgun E. 2024b. Ultrasonic testing and surface conditioning techniques for enhanced thermoplastic adhesive bonds. J Mech Sci Technol, 38(3): 1227-1236.
  • Görgün E. 2022. Characterization of superalloys by artificial neural network method. Presented at: Online Int Symp Appl Math Eng (ISAME22), Jan 21-23, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 67.
  • Hamood AF, Habeeb HM, Abdulhussein BA, Ahmed BA, Ismail AA. 2024. Weight loss, electrochemical measurements and DFT studies on corrosion inhibition by 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarin. Results Eng, 23: 102677.
  • He H, Zhang Z, Jiang C, He C. 2025. Research progress of carbon dots as novel corrosion inhibitors. J Mol Struct, 1334: 141894.
  • Iyyappan S, KP VK, Ponram P, Karthik B. 2024. Exploring copper corrosion inhibition in value added neem biodiesel: evaluation by traditional and machine learning approaches. Ind Crops Prod, 219: 119073.
  • Jebali Z, Ferkous H, Zerroug M, Sayah T, Moharramnejad M. 2024. Unveiling the potent corrosion-inhibiting power of Ammophila arenaria aqueous extract for mild steel in acidic environments: an integrated experimental and computational study. J Environ Chem Eng, 12: 112374.
  • Jia S, Akiyama M, Frangopol DM, Xu Z. 2024. Bayesian inference of the spatial distribution of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures using corrosion-induced crack width. Struct Saf, 111: 102518.
  • Jiménez-Marcos C, Mirza-Rosca JC, Baltatu MS, Vizureanu P. 2025. Two novel Ti–Mo–Ta–Zr alloys for medical devices: their microstructure, corrosion resistance and microhardness characteristics. Mater Chem Phys, 334: 130511.
  • Lakshmi A, Pandit P, Nayak G, Arunkumar P, Kumar KS, Santhosh PB. 2024. Influence of corrosion-based section loss on morphology and tensile capacity of pre-stressing strands. J Struct Integr Maint, 9: 24705314.2024.2302655.
  • Li Y, Sun H, Mu T, Garcia-Vaquero M. 2025. Sustainable closed-loop biorefinery of γ-valerolactone from lignocellulosic biomass: pretreatments of multiple biomass and synthesis of γ-valerolactone from multiple biomass-derived feedstocks. Biomass Bioenergy., 193: 107594.
  • Liu W, Dong B, Chen P, Li Y, Yang D. 2024. Effect of electrodeposition potential on the growth mechanism and corrosion resistance of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide film on steel substrate via electrodeposition-hydrothermal method. J Build Eng, 97: 110831.
  • Luo ZG, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang W, Wu M. 2024. Modified nano-lignin as a novel biomass-derived corrosion inhibitor for enhanced corrosion resistance of carbon steel. Corros Sci, 227: 111705.
  • Maizia R, Djermoune A, Amoura D, Boukraa S. 2025. Bidens aurea Aiton plant extract as a green and sustainable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel X42 in hydrochloric acidic medium: experimental and computational studies. Mater Chem Phys, 2025: 130740.
  • Onukwuli OD, Nnanwube IA, Ochili FO, Omotioma M. 2024. DFT, experimental and optimization studies on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in H₂SO₄ with danacid as inhibitor. Results Eng, 24: 103113.
  • Oppermann F, Bernsmann JS, Kies F, Pippel E, Kauffmann A. 2025. In situ carbide formation causing strain-age cracking in additively manufactured, highly alloyed steels. J Mater Res Technol, 35: 4457-4472.
  • Pei J, Yang H, He Y, Xu J, Wang X. 2024. Microstructure evolution and property of high manganese steel coatings by laser shock assisted laser wire cladding. J Mater Process Technol, 328: 118413.
  • Rai A, Szczerba M, Karbowniczek J, Kuncewicz M, Skwarek E. 2025. Enhanced corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy via surface transfer of microwave-synthesized, non-toxic, and ultra-smooth nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon thin film. Appl Surf Sci, 695: 162847.
  • Razali NZK, Wan Hassan WNS, Sheikh Mohd Ghazali SAI, Mohd Radzi AH. 2024. DFT, Fukui indices, and molecular dynamic simulation studies on corrosion inhibition characteristics: a review. Chem Pap, 78: 715-731.
  • Sharma S, Dwivedi SP, Li C, Sinha RK. 2024. Unveiling of grain structure, porosity, phase distributions, microstructural morphology, surface hardness, and tribo-corrosion characteristics of nickel, and titanium dioxide-based SS-304 steel microwave composite coatings cladding. J Mater Res Technol, 28: 4299-4316.
  • Shwetha KM, Praveen BM, Devendra BK. 2024. A review on corrosion inhibitors: types, mechanisms, electrochemical analysis, corrosion rate and efficiency of corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in an acidic environment. Results Surf Interfaces, 2024: 100258.
  • Solmaz MY, Yanen C, Kıstak C, Aydoğmuş E. 2024. Production of chemically modified shear thickening fluids and investigation of their rheological properties. BSJ Eng Sci, 7(1): 31-35.
  • Sun M, Lin L, Di H, Feng Y. 2025a. A study on the effects of lignocellulosic biomass components on the interactions and thermal conductivity of stearic acid: molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Heat Mass Transf, 244: 126932.
  • Sun X, Xu H, Cao Y, Li J, Chen W. 2025b. Progress in the design of molecular structure of amino acid corrosion inhibitors based on molecular orbital theory and their mechanisms: a review. J Mol Liq, 2025: 127374.
  • Wang Y, Huang J, Chen Y, Yang Z, Zhao Y. 2024. Modulating built-in electric field via Bi-VO₄-Fe interfacial bridges to enhance charge separation for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci, 672: 12-20.
  • Yang D, Liu Y, Yang T, Chen Y, Wang X. 2025. Anti-corrosion lithium anode interface by Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₄Ta₀.₆O₁₂ modified buffer layer for stable cycling of room-temperature solid-state lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci, 689: 137225.
  • Zemlik M, Konat Ł, Leśny K, Jamroziak K. 2024. Comparison of abrasive wear resistance of Hardox steel and Hadfield cast steel. Appl Sci, 14: 1114143.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Korozyon
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Emre Görgün 0000-0002-1971-456X

Mehtap Erşan 0000-0002-5429-4468

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Görgün, E., & Erşan, M. (2025). Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(4), 1067-1075. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1673480
AMA Görgün E, Erşan M. Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating. BSJ Eng. Sci. Temmuz 2025;8(4):1067-1075. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1673480
Chicago Görgün, Emre, ve Mehtap Erşan. “Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2025): 1067-75. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1673480.
EndNote Görgün E, Erşan M (01 Temmuz 2025) Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 4 1067–1075.
IEEE E. Görgün ve M. Erşan, “Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 8, sy. 4, ss. 1067–1075, 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1673480.
ISNAD Görgün, Emre - Erşan, Mehtap. “Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/4 (Temmuz 2025), 1067-1075. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1673480.
JAMA Görgün E, Erşan M. Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:1067–1075.
MLA Görgün, Emre ve Mehtap Erşan. “Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 8, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 1067-75, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1673480.
Vancouver Görgün E, Erşan M. Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of X120Mn12 Steel in Acidic Media by a Novel Nanolignin-Based Protective Coating. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(4):1067-75.
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