Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 1218 - 1234, 15.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1712852

Öz

Liquid-dominated geothermal energy sources with temperatures above 150 °C provide suitable conditions for flash steam production due to their high pressure. Geothermal energy is considered as an environmentally friendly and sustainable renewable energy source due to its minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel-based energy sources. Improving the thermodynamic and economic performance of these energy systems is crucial, particularly for increasing overall system efficiency and long-term sustainability. In this study, mathematical models of the proposed single and double-flash steam cycles were created using EES software and the performances of these systems were compared. The exergy efficiency and sum unit cost of the product (SUCP) of the proposed systems were considered as objective functions. The mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid directed to the heat exchanger and the flashing pressures in the high and low pressure regions were selected as the decision variables. The optimum design conditions were determined as a result of multivariate, single-objective optimizations performed with the genetic algorithm method. The results show that the optimum points obtained from exergetic and economic optimizations are quite close to each other. As a result of the exergetic optimization of the single-flash steam cycle, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and SUCP was calculated as 10.52%, 44.4%, and 4.3 dollars/GJ, respectively. The electrical power output produced by the system was determined as 11,422.5 kW. In addition, 32.08% of the total exergy entering the system was destroyed due to irreversibility, while 23.52% was discharged as exergy losses. In the double-flash steam cycle, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and SUCP were determined as 12.59%, 53.1%, and 3.98 dollars/GJ, respectively. The electrical power output produced by the system was determined as 13,660.5 kW. Also, 35.92% of the total exergy entering the system was destroyed due to irreversibility, while 10.98% was discharged as exergy losses. Exergetic optimization results indicate that the double-flash steam cycle generated 2,238 kW more power than the single-flash steam cycle, resulting in a 19.6% increased in exergy efficiency and a 7.4% decreased in SUCP. The findings show that careful optimization of the proposed design parameters in flash steam cycle systems has a significant impact on overall system performance. In addition, the waste energy released at the end of the process can be recovered and utilized as a heat source in applications such as district heating, greenhouse heating, food drying, and low-temperature Organic Rankine Cycle systems, thereby enhancing the overall energy recovery potential of the system.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. 2024. Global energy perspective: 2024 report. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/energy-and-materials/our-insights/global-energy-perspective (accessed date: April 2, 2025).
  • Aybek U, Dogan B. 2025. Heat exchanger positioning and power optimization in geothermal power plant using flash steam. Proc. Int. Aegean Conf. Innov. Technol. Eng-XI, April 04–06, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 399-414.
  • Belyakov N. 2019. Sustainable power generation current status, future challenges, and perspectives. Academic Press, Chapter Twenty - Geothermal energy, pp: 475-500.
  • Bina S, Jalilinasrabady S, Fujii H. 2018. Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of single and double flash cycles for Sabalan geothermal power plant. Geothermics, 72: 74–82.
  • Cao Y, Mihardjo LW, Dahari M, Ghaebi H, Parikhani T, Mohamed AM. 2021. An innovative double-flash binary cogeneration cooling and power (CCP) system: thermodynamic evaluation and multi-objective optimization. Energy, 214: 118864.
  • Cengel YA, Boles MA, Kanoglu M. 2019. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 9th ed., pp: 544.
  • Chitsaz A, Hosseinpour J, Assadi M. 2017. Effect of recycling on the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances of SOFC based on trigeneration systems; a comparative study. Energy, 124: 613-624.
  • Colorado-Garrido D, Alcalá-Perea G, Alaffita-Hernández FA, Escobedo-Trujillo BA. 2021. Exergy analysis using a theoretical formulation of a geothermal power plant in Cerro Prieto, México. Entropy, 23(9): 1137.
  • El Haj Assad M, Bani-Hani E, Khalil M. 2017. Performance of geothermal power plants (single, dual, and binary) to compensate for LHC-CERN power consumption: comparative study. Geotherm Energy, 5: 17.
  • Evangeline SI, Darwin S. 2025. The role of carbon dioxide in enhancing geothermal energy: a review of current developments and future potential. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 214: 115525.
  • Farsi A, Rosen MA. 2022. Comparison of thermodynamic performances in three geothermal power plants using flash steam. ASME Open J. Eng, 1: 011016.
  • Gutiérrez-Negrín LCA. 2024. Evolution of worldwide geothermal power 2020–2023. Geotherm Energy, 12: 14.
  • Kariuki BW, Hassan H, Ahmed M, Emam M. 2025. A review on geothermal-solar hybrid systems for power production and multigeneration systems. Appl. Therm. Eng, 259: 124796.
  • Lazzaretto A, Tsatsaronis G. 2006. SPECO: a systematic and general methodology for calculating efficiencies and costs in thermal systems. Energy, 31: 1257–1289.
  • Manfrida G, Talluri L, Ungar P, Zuffi C, Díaz-Ramírez M, Leiva H, Mainar-Toledo MD, Jokull S. 2023. Exergo-economic and exergo-environmental assessment of two large CHP geothermal power plants. Geothermics, 113: 102758.
  • Nkinyam CM, Ujah CO, Asadu CO, Kallon DVV. 2025. Exploring geothermal energy as a sustainable source of energy: a systemic review. Unconventional Resources, 6: 100149.
  • Ranjbar F, Chitsaz A, Mahmoudi SMS, Khalilarya S, Rosen MA. 2014. Energy and exergy assessments of a novel trigeneration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell. Energy Convers. Manag, 87: 318–327.
  • Rudiyanto B, Bahthiyar MA, Pambudi NA, Widjonarko MH. 2021. An update of second law analysis and optimization of a single-flash geothermal power plant in Dieng, Indonesia. Geothermics, 96: 102212.
  • Rudiyanto B, Birri MS, Widjonarko, Avian C, Kamal DM, Hijriawan M. 2023. A genetic algorithm approach for optimization of geothermal power plant production: case studies of direct steam cycle in Kamojang. S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng, 45: 1-9.
  • Rudiyanto B, Illah I, Pambudi NA, Cheng C, Adiprana R, Imran M, Saw LH, Handogo R. 2017. Preliminary analysis of dry-steam geothermal power plant by employing exergy assessment: case study in Kamojang geothermal power plant, Indonesia. Case Stud. Therm. Eng, 10: 292-301.
  • Sadat SMS, Ghabei H, Lavasani AM. 2020. 4E analyses of an innovative polygeneration system based on SOFC. Renew. Energy, 156: 986-1007.
  • Samatar AM, Lekbir A, Mekhilef S, Mokhlis H, Tey KS, Alassaf A. 2025. Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a fully renewable hybrid energy system for sustainable power infrastructure advancement. Sci. Rep, 15: 12140.
  • Shamoushaki M, Aliehyaei M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. 2021. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental assessment of flash-binary geothermal combined cooling, heating and power cycle. Energies, 14(15): 4464.
  • Shang Y, Sang S, Tiwari AK, Khan S, Zhao X. 2024. Impacts of renewable energy on climate risk: a global perspective for energy transition in a climate adaptation framework. Appl. Energy, 362: 122994.
  • Shokati N, Ranjbar F, Yari M. 2015. Comparative and parametric study of double flash and single flash/ORC combined cycles based on exergoeconomic criteria. Appl. Therm. Eng, 91: 479-495.
  • Soleymani E, Gargari SG, Ghaebi H. 2021. Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of a novel power and hydrogen cogeneration cycle based on solid SOFC. Renew. Energy, 177: 495-518.
  • Stefánsson V. 2002. Investment cost for geothermal power plants. Geothermics, 31(2): 263-272.
  • Tang T, Li B, Lu M, Feng Y, Wang J. 2025. Synergistic geothermal energy and ammonia fuel cell utilization towards sustainable power, cooling, and freshwater production: an exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and technoeconomic analysis. Renew. Energy, 241: 122244.
  • Tian MW, Parikhani T, Jermsittiparsert K, Ashraf MA. 2020. Exergoeconomic optimization of a new double-flash geothermal-based combined cooling and power (CCP) system at two different cooling temperatures assisted by boosters. J. Clean. Prod, 261: 120921.
  • Vargas CA, Caracciolo L, Ball PJ. 2022. Geothermal energy as a means to decarbonize the energy mix of megacities. Commun. Earth Environ, 3: 66.
  • Velychko O, Gordiyenko T. 2009. The use of guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement for uncertainty management in national greenhouse gas inventories. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 3(4): 514-517.
  • Vojdani M, Fakhari I, Ahmadi P. 2021. A novel triple pressure HRSG integrated with MED/SOFC/GT for cogeneration of electricity and freshwater: techno-economic-environmental assessment, and multi-objective optimization. Energy Convers. Manag, 233: 113876.
  • Wang J, Yan Z, Ma S, Dai Y. 2012. Thermodynamic analysis of an integrated power generation system driven by solid oxide fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 2535-2545.
  • Unverdi M, Cerci Y. 2013. Performance analysis of Germencik geothermal power plant. Energy, 52: 192-200.
  • Zhang F, Yan Y, Gaoliang L, Jiaqiang E. 2022. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis on a novel parallel double-effect absorption power cycle driven by the geothermal resource. Energy Convers. Manag, 258: 115473.
  • Zhao Y, Wang J. 2016. Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of a flash-binary geothermal power system. Appl. Energy, 179: 159–170.

Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 1218 - 1234, 15.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1712852

Öz

Liquid-dominated geothermal energy sources with temperatures above 150 °C provide suitable conditions for flash steam production due to their high pressure. Geothermal energy is considered as an environmentally friendly and sustainable renewable energy source due to its minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel-based energy sources. Improving the thermodynamic and economic performance of these energy systems is crucial, particularly for increasing overall system efficiency and long-term sustainability. In this study, mathematical models of the proposed single and double-flash steam cycles were created using EES software and the performances of these systems were compared. The exergy efficiency and sum unit cost of the product (SUCP) of the proposed systems were considered as objective functions. The mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid directed to the heat exchanger and the flashing pressures in the high and low pressure regions were selected as the decision variables. The optimum design conditions were determined as a result of multivariate, single-objective optimizations performed with the genetic algorithm method. The results show that the optimum points obtained from exergetic and economic optimizations are quite close to each other. As a result of the exergetic optimization of the single-flash steam cycle, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and SUCP was calculated as 10.52%, 44.4%, and 4.3 dollars/GJ, respectively. The electrical power output produced by the system was determined as 11,422.5 kW. In addition, 32.08% of the total exergy entering the system was destroyed due to irreversibility, while 23.52% was discharged as exergy losses. In the double-flash steam cycle, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and SUCP were determined as 12.59%, 53.1%, and 3.98 dollars/GJ, respectively. The electrical power output produced by the system was determined as 13,660.5 kW. Also, 35.92% of the total exergy entering the system was destroyed due to irreversibility, while 10.98% was discharged as exergy losses. Exergetic optimization results indicate that the double-flash steam cycle generated 2,238 kW more power than the single-flash steam cycle, resulting in a 19.6% increased in exergy efficiency and a 7.4% decreased in SUCP. The findings show that careful optimization of the proposed design parameters in flash steam cycle systems has a significant impact on overall system performance. In addition, the waste energy released at the end of the process can be recovered and utilized as a heat source in applications such as district heating, greenhouse heating, food drying, and low-temperature Organic Rankine Cycle systems, thereby enhancing the overall energy recovery potential of the system.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous. 2024. Global energy perspective: 2024 report. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/energy-and-materials/our-insights/global-energy-perspective (accessed date: April 2, 2025).
  • Aybek U, Dogan B. 2025. Heat exchanger positioning and power optimization in geothermal power plant using flash steam. Proc. Int. Aegean Conf. Innov. Technol. Eng-XI, April 04–06, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 399-414.
  • Belyakov N. 2019. Sustainable power generation current status, future challenges, and perspectives. Academic Press, Chapter Twenty - Geothermal energy, pp: 475-500.
  • Bina S, Jalilinasrabady S, Fujii H. 2018. Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of single and double flash cycles for Sabalan geothermal power plant. Geothermics, 72: 74–82.
  • Cao Y, Mihardjo LW, Dahari M, Ghaebi H, Parikhani T, Mohamed AM. 2021. An innovative double-flash binary cogeneration cooling and power (CCP) system: thermodynamic evaluation and multi-objective optimization. Energy, 214: 118864.
  • Cengel YA, Boles MA, Kanoglu M. 2019. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 9th ed., pp: 544.
  • Chitsaz A, Hosseinpour J, Assadi M. 2017. Effect of recycling on the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances of SOFC based on trigeneration systems; a comparative study. Energy, 124: 613-624.
  • Colorado-Garrido D, Alcalá-Perea G, Alaffita-Hernández FA, Escobedo-Trujillo BA. 2021. Exergy analysis using a theoretical formulation of a geothermal power plant in Cerro Prieto, México. Entropy, 23(9): 1137.
  • El Haj Assad M, Bani-Hani E, Khalil M. 2017. Performance of geothermal power plants (single, dual, and binary) to compensate for LHC-CERN power consumption: comparative study. Geotherm Energy, 5: 17.
  • Evangeline SI, Darwin S. 2025. The role of carbon dioxide in enhancing geothermal energy: a review of current developments and future potential. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 214: 115525.
  • Farsi A, Rosen MA. 2022. Comparison of thermodynamic performances in three geothermal power plants using flash steam. ASME Open J. Eng, 1: 011016.
  • Gutiérrez-Negrín LCA. 2024. Evolution of worldwide geothermal power 2020–2023. Geotherm Energy, 12: 14.
  • Kariuki BW, Hassan H, Ahmed M, Emam M. 2025. A review on geothermal-solar hybrid systems for power production and multigeneration systems. Appl. Therm. Eng, 259: 124796.
  • Lazzaretto A, Tsatsaronis G. 2006. SPECO: a systematic and general methodology for calculating efficiencies and costs in thermal systems. Energy, 31: 1257–1289.
  • Manfrida G, Talluri L, Ungar P, Zuffi C, Díaz-Ramírez M, Leiva H, Mainar-Toledo MD, Jokull S. 2023. Exergo-economic and exergo-environmental assessment of two large CHP geothermal power plants. Geothermics, 113: 102758.
  • Nkinyam CM, Ujah CO, Asadu CO, Kallon DVV. 2025. Exploring geothermal energy as a sustainable source of energy: a systemic review. Unconventional Resources, 6: 100149.
  • Ranjbar F, Chitsaz A, Mahmoudi SMS, Khalilarya S, Rosen MA. 2014. Energy and exergy assessments of a novel trigeneration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell. Energy Convers. Manag, 87: 318–327.
  • Rudiyanto B, Bahthiyar MA, Pambudi NA, Widjonarko MH. 2021. An update of second law analysis and optimization of a single-flash geothermal power plant in Dieng, Indonesia. Geothermics, 96: 102212.
  • Rudiyanto B, Birri MS, Widjonarko, Avian C, Kamal DM, Hijriawan M. 2023. A genetic algorithm approach for optimization of geothermal power plant production: case studies of direct steam cycle in Kamojang. S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng, 45: 1-9.
  • Rudiyanto B, Illah I, Pambudi NA, Cheng C, Adiprana R, Imran M, Saw LH, Handogo R. 2017. Preliminary analysis of dry-steam geothermal power plant by employing exergy assessment: case study in Kamojang geothermal power plant, Indonesia. Case Stud. Therm. Eng, 10: 292-301.
  • Sadat SMS, Ghabei H, Lavasani AM. 2020. 4E analyses of an innovative polygeneration system based on SOFC. Renew. Energy, 156: 986-1007.
  • Samatar AM, Lekbir A, Mekhilef S, Mokhlis H, Tey KS, Alassaf A. 2025. Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a fully renewable hybrid energy system for sustainable power infrastructure advancement. Sci. Rep, 15: 12140.
  • Shamoushaki M, Aliehyaei M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. 2021. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental assessment of flash-binary geothermal combined cooling, heating and power cycle. Energies, 14(15): 4464.
  • Shang Y, Sang S, Tiwari AK, Khan S, Zhao X. 2024. Impacts of renewable energy on climate risk: a global perspective for energy transition in a climate adaptation framework. Appl. Energy, 362: 122994.
  • Shokati N, Ranjbar F, Yari M. 2015. Comparative and parametric study of double flash and single flash/ORC combined cycles based on exergoeconomic criteria. Appl. Therm. Eng, 91: 479-495.
  • Soleymani E, Gargari SG, Ghaebi H. 2021. Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of a novel power and hydrogen cogeneration cycle based on solid SOFC. Renew. Energy, 177: 495-518.
  • Stefánsson V. 2002. Investment cost for geothermal power plants. Geothermics, 31(2): 263-272.
  • Tang T, Li B, Lu M, Feng Y, Wang J. 2025. Synergistic geothermal energy and ammonia fuel cell utilization towards sustainable power, cooling, and freshwater production: an exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and technoeconomic analysis. Renew. Energy, 241: 122244.
  • Tian MW, Parikhani T, Jermsittiparsert K, Ashraf MA. 2020. Exergoeconomic optimization of a new double-flash geothermal-based combined cooling and power (CCP) system at two different cooling temperatures assisted by boosters. J. Clean. Prod, 261: 120921.
  • Vargas CA, Caracciolo L, Ball PJ. 2022. Geothermal energy as a means to decarbonize the energy mix of megacities. Commun. Earth Environ, 3: 66.
  • Velychko O, Gordiyenko T. 2009. The use of guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement for uncertainty management in national greenhouse gas inventories. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 3(4): 514-517.
  • Vojdani M, Fakhari I, Ahmadi P. 2021. A novel triple pressure HRSG integrated with MED/SOFC/GT for cogeneration of electricity and freshwater: techno-economic-environmental assessment, and multi-objective optimization. Energy Convers. Manag, 233: 113876.
  • Wang J, Yan Z, Ma S, Dai Y. 2012. Thermodynamic analysis of an integrated power generation system driven by solid oxide fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37: 2535-2545.
  • Unverdi M, Cerci Y. 2013. Performance analysis of Germencik geothermal power plant. Energy, 52: 192-200.
  • Zhang F, Yan Y, Gaoliang L, Jiaqiang E. 2022. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis on a novel parallel double-effect absorption power cycle driven by the geothermal resource. Energy Convers. Manag, 258: 115473.
  • Zhao Y, Wang J. 2016. Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of a flash-binary geothermal power system. Appl. Energy, 179: 159–170.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Jeotermal Enerji Sistemleri, Makine Mühendisliğinde Optimizasyon Teknikleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Ünsal Aybek 0000-0003-3573-9385

Bekir Doğan 0000-0002-8986-7174

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Aybek, Ü., & Doğan, B. (2025). Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(4), 1218-1234. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1712852
AMA Aybek Ü, Doğan B. Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization. BSJ Eng. Sci. Temmuz 2025;8(4):1218-1234. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1712852
Chicago Aybek, Ünsal, ve Bekir Doğan. “Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2025): 1218-34. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1712852.
EndNote Aybek Ü, Doğan B (01 Temmuz 2025) Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 4 1218–1234.
IEEE Ü. Aybek ve B. Doğan, “Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 8, sy. 4, ss. 1218–1234, 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1712852.
ISNAD Aybek, Ünsal - Doğan, Bekir. “Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/4 (Temmuz 2025), 1218-1234. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1712852.
JAMA Aybek Ü, Doğan B. Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:1218–1234.
MLA Aybek, Ünsal ve Bekir Doğan. “Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 8, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 1218-34, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1712852.
Vancouver Aybek Ü, Doğan B. Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Performance Evaluation of Single and Double-Flash Steam Cycles With Heat Exchanger Integration: Exergetic and Economic Optimization. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(4):1218-34.

                                                24890