Detection of Attention and Its Sub-Components in Athletes with Computer-Based Applications: A Laboratory Study

Öz

Aim: Problems related to attention and its sub-components are frequently encountered in athletes. When the relevant literature is examined, it is thought that specific methods are needed. In this context, it has been observed that most of the methods and criteria used so far have a limited content with traditional applications and are not suitable for retestable and concrete evaluations. In this study, attention and its subcomponents in national athletes were investigated with computer-based applications. The aim of the study is to experimentally examine whether the attention levels of athletes have an effect on timing, planning and performance maintenance skills. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study consists of a total of 327 athletes, 143 women and 229 men, in Ankara. The study was conducted on a voluntary basis and with the random sampling method, convenient sampling was applied in the Psychology Research Laboratory (PAL). The measurement was completed by evaluating the attention and sub-components of the athletes with a computer-based application simulated in the computer environment, designed with visual, auditory and neutral stimuli with multiple mixers and distractors. In order to measure the effect of psychological fatigue, the Computer-Based Continuous Performance Test with Distractor was applied. The participants were given the task of giving the expected reaction to the changing stimuli throughout the test. It is designed as a digital imitation and simulated version of daily life in various changing conditions. Thus, information was obtained about the performance of the participants in different situations. In addition to these, the advantages/disadvantages and disadvantages of the experiments carried out in the computer environment and the researches carried out in the Web-based environments are mentioned. Results: As a result of the analysis, there is a positive relationship between attention and timing, and a negative relationship between impulsivity and the sum of error scores. Conclusion: It is thought that this study will contribute to the literature on psychology practices related to attention. When attention studies are analyzed from the perspective of computer-based measurements, it can be argued that the results obtained will support studies in the fields of applied psychology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• computer
• attention
• sports

BİLGİSAYAR TEMELLİ UYGULAMALAR İLE SPORCULARDA DİKKAT VE ALT BİLEŞENLERİNİN TESPİT EDİLMESİ: BİR LABORATUVAR ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Amaç: Sporcularda dikkat ve alt bileşenlerine ilişkin problemlere sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde özgül yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda şimdiye dek genellikle tercih edilmiş olan yöntem ve kullanılan ölçütlerin çoğunun, geleneksel uygulamalar ile kısıtlı bir içeriğe sahip olduğu ve yeniden test edilebilir ve somut değerlendirmeler için elverişli olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, milli sporcularda dikkat ve alt bileşenleri bilgisayar temelli uygulamalar ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, sporcularda dikkat düzeylerinin, zamanlama, planlama ve performansı sürdürme becerileri üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığının deneysel yöntemlerle incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemi Ankara ilindeki 143 kadın, 229 erkek olmak üzere toplam 327 sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada gönüllük esas alınıp rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile uygun örnekleme Psikoloji Araştırmaları Laboratuvarı’nda (PAL) uygulanmıştır. Ölçüm, bilgisayar ortamında simule edilmiş, çoklu karıştırıcı ve çeldiricilerin bulunduğu görsel, işitsel ve nötr uyarılarla tasarlanmış bilgisayar temelli uygulama ile sporcularda dikkat ve alt bileşenleri değerlendirilerek tamamlamıştır. Psikolojik yorgunluğun etkisini ölçmek için, Bilgisayar Tabanlı Çeldiricili Sürekli Performans Testi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılara test boyunca değişen uyarıcılara karşın beklenen reaksiyonu vermesi görevi verilmiştir. Değişen çeşitli koşullar günlük yaşamın dijital bir taklidi ve simule edilmiş versiyonu olarak tasarlanmıştır. Böylece, katılımcıların farklı durumlardaki performansı hakkında bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak bilgisayar ortamında uygulanan deneyler ile Web tabanlı ortamlarda gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların avantajları/dezavantajları ve dezavantajlarının hangi yöntemlerle giderilebileceğinden bahsedilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda, dikkat ile zamanlama arasındaki pozitif ilişki ve dürtüsellik ile hata puanları toplamı arasındaki negatif ilişki yer almaktadır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın, dikkate ilişkin psikoloji uygulamaları alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Dikkat çalışmaları bilgisayar tabanlı ölçümler perspektifinden analiz edildiğinde, elde edilen sonuçların uygulamalı psikoloji alanlarındaki çalışmalara destek olacağı ileri sürülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevrimiçi deneyler
• dikkat
• performans
• psikoloji
• spor.

Kaynakça

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