Türkiye’deki Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Özel Yaşam Alanlarına İlişkin Umut Düzeyleri: Kişisel Adil Dünya İnancı ve Cinsiyetin Yordayıcı Rolü

Yıl 2021, , 39 - 50, 05.02.2021

Mine Muyan-yılık , Ayhan Demir

https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.752798

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin özel yaşam alanlarına (sosyal ilişkiler, romantik ilişkiler, aile yaşamı, akademik yaşam, iş yaşamı ve serbest zaman aktiviteleri) ilişkin umut düzeylerini yordamada kişisel adil dünya inançları ile cinsiyetlerinin rollerini incelemektir. Katılımcılar, Türkiye’de büyük bir devlet üniversitesinde okuyan 168 üniversite öğrencisidir. Veriler Özel Yaşam Alanlarına İlişkin Umut Ölçeği, Kişisel Adil Dünya İnancı Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu ile toplanmıştır. Çok Değişkenli Regresyon Analizi sonuçları hem kişisel adil dünya inancının hem de cinsiyetin üniversite öğrencilerinin özel yaşam alanlarına ilişkin umut düzeylerinin anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermiştir. Kişisel adil dünya inançlarının, üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik yaşamlarındaki, aile yaşamlarındaki ve serbest zaman aktivitelerindeki umut düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, kız öğrencilerin sosyal ilişkilerde daha yüksek umut düzeylerine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bulgular özel yaşam alanlarına ilişkin umut çalışmalarının önemine işaret etmektedir. Mevcut bulgular, umuda ve adil dünya inancına ilişkin alanyazın ile Türkiye’deki cinsiyet rolleri kapsamında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özel yaşam alanlarına ilişkin umut, kişisel adil dünya inancı, cinsiyet

Domain Specific Hope Levels of University Students in Turkey: The Predicting Roles of Personal Belief in a Just World and Gender

Öz

The aim of the current study was to investigate the predicting roles of personal belief in a just world and gender in university students’ hope levels in specific life domains (i.e., social relationships, romantic relationships, family life, academics, work life, and leisure activities). The participants were 168 university students from a major state university in Turkey. Data was collected with the Domain Specific Hope Scale, the Personal Belief in a Just World Scale, and a personal information sheet. Results of Multivariate Regression Analysis showed that both personal belief in a just world and gender were significant predictors of domain specific hope levels of university students. More specifically, personal belief in a just world was found to significantly predict university students’ hope levels in academics, family life and leisure activities. In addition, female students were found to have higher hope levels in social relationships. Taken together, the findings highlighted the importance of studies on domain specific hope levels. Current findings were discussed within the context of the hope and just-world literature and gender roles in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domain specific hope, personal belief in a just world, gender

Kaynakça

• Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 68-73.
• Chang, E. C. (1998). Hope, problem‐solving ability, and coping in a college student population: Some implications for theory and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(7), 953-962.
• Cheavens, J. S., Feldman, D. B., Gum, A., Michael, S. T., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). Hope therapy in a community sample: A pilot investigation. Social Indicators Research, 77, 61-78.
• Cheavens, J. S., & Ritschel, L. A. (2014). Hope theory. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota, & L. D. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of positive emotions (pp. 396-410). The Guildford Press.
• Correia, I., Batista, M. T., & Lima, M. L. (2009). Does the belief in a just world bring happiness? Causal relationships among belief in a just world, life satisfaction and mood. Australian Journal of Psychology, 61(4), 220-227.
• Correia, I., Vala, J., & Aguiar, P. (2007). Victim’s innocence, social categorization, and the threat to the belief in a just world. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(1), 31-38.
• Çetin Gündüz, H. (2016). 21. yüzyılda Pozitif Psikoloji’nin parçası olarak umut ve Türkiye’deki yeri [Hope as a component of Positive Psychology in 21th century and its place in Turkey]. In A. Demirli Yıldız (Ed.), Pozitif Psikoloji bağlamında umut: Hedefe giden yolda sınırları aşmak [Hope within the context of Positive Psychology: Overcoming boundaries on the way to the goal] (pp. 41-66). Nobel Publishing.
• Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the Personal Belief in a Just World Scale’s validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79-98.
• Dzuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2002). Mental health and personality of Slovak unemployed adolescents: The impact of belief in a just world. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 732-757.
• Feldman, D. B., & Dreher, D. E. (2012). Can hope be changed in 90 minutes? Testing the efficacy of a single-session goal-pursuit intervention for college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 745-759.
• Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publishing.
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). Internal validity. How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
• Göregenli, M. (2003). Şiddet, kötü muamele ve işkenceye ilişkin değerlendirmeler, tutumlar ve deneyimler [Evaluations, attitudes, and experiences regarding violence, maltreatment and torture]. İzmir Barosu Yayınları [Publication of İzmir Bar Association].
• Gültekin, F. (2001). Lise öğrencilerinin kendini açma davranışlarının kimlik gelişim düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of high school students’ self-disclosure attitudes according to their identity development levels]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 231-241.
• Gündoğdu, R. (2010). Farklı puan türüne göre eğitim fakültesine gelen öğrencilerin kendini açma davranışlarının incelenmesi [Investigation of self-disclosure behaviors of students from different points of species at faculty of education]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 748-777.
• Hafer, C. L. (2000). Investment in long-term goals and commitment to just means drive the need to believe in a just world. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1059-1073.
• Hafer, C. L., & Gosse, L. (2011). Predicting alternative strategies for preserving a belief in a just world: The case of repressive coping style. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 730-739.
• İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and relatedness: Not opposing but distinct and complementary. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129, 367-402.
• İmamoğlu, E. O., & İmamoğlu, V. (1992). Life situations and attitudes of the Turkish elderly toward institutional living within a cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 102-108.
• Kamble, S. V, & Dalbert, C. (2012). Belief in a just world and wellbeing in Indian schools. International Journal of Psychology, 47(4), 269-278.
• Kemer, G. & Atik, G. (2005). Kırsal kesimde ve kent merkezinde okuyan lise öğrencilerinin umut düzeylerinin aileden algılanan sosyal destek düzeyine göre karşılaştırılması [Comparing the level of hope of high school students in rural and urban centers to the perceived level of social support from the family], M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21, 161-168.
• Kemer, G. & Atik, G. (2012). Hope and social support in high school students from urban and rural areas of Ankara, Turkey. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 901-911.
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guildford Press.
• Knox, D., Vail-Smith, K., & Zusman, M. (2007). The lonely college male. International Journal of Men's Health, 6(3), 273-279.
• Korkut, F. (2005). Yetişkinlere yönelik iletişim becerileri eğitimi [Communication skills training program for adults]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 28, 143-149.
• Küsgülü, Ü. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin mutluluk, umut ve narsisizm düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigating the levels of happiness, hope, and narcissism of university students]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
• Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. Plenum Press.
• Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030-1051.
• Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus for others: Implications for psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(7), 666–677.
• Mutlu, D. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin özel yaşam alanlarına yönelik umut düzeyleri ile stresle başa çıkma tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [The relationship between the level of hope of university students and their attitudes to cope with stress in terms of their private living areas]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
• Otto, K., & Dalbert, C. (2005). Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(6), 559-573.
• Özbay, Y., Terzi, Ş., & Aydoğan, D. (2011). Özel Yaşam Alanı Umut Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Validity and relability study of Domain Specific Hope Scale]. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Kongresi, İzmir, Turkey.
• Shorey, H. S., Roberts, C. R., & Huprich, S. K. (2012). The roles of domain specific hope and depressive personality in predicting depressive symptoms. Personality and Mental Health, 6(3), 255-265.
• Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. Free Press.
• Snyder, C. R. (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications. Academic Press.
• Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
• Snyder, C. R., Cheavens, J., & Sympson, S. C. (1997). Hope: An individual motive for social commerce. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 107-118.
• Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570-585.
• Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 321-335.
• Sympson, S. C. (1997). Domain specific hope: An exploratory study. Unpublished manuscript, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
• Sympson, S. C. (1999). Validation of the Domain Specific Hope Scale. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Kansas, USA.
• Şakar, Z. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin özel yaşam alanları umut düzeyleri ile çocukluk dönemi mutluluk ve huzur anıları, kişilik özellikleri ve algıladıkları duygusal istismar arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationship between hope levels in the private living areas, childhood happiness and peace memories, personality traits and perceived emotional abuse in university students]. (Unpublished master’s thesis) Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
• Tarhan, S. (2012). Umudun özyeterlik, algılanan sosyal destek ve kişilik özelliklerinden yordanması [Pedicting hope through self-efficacy, perceived social support and personal characteristics]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Tarhan, S., & Bacanlı, H. (2016). İlkokuldan üniversiteye umut kavramının tanımlanması üzerine nitel bir çalışma [A qualitative study on defining the concept of hope from primary school to university]. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 4(2), 86-112.
• Türkmen, M., & Demirli, A. (2011). The predictive value of gender, perceived parenting styles and loneliness in determining students’ dispositional and state hope level. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 7(2), 347-363.
• Uğur, D. (2007). Dünyayı adil algılama ve geleceğe dair umut/umutsuzluk: Depresyon tanısı alan ve almayan kişilerde adil dünya inancı [Perceiving the world just and hope/hopelessness for future: Belief in a just world among individuals with and without depression diagnosis]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
• Usta, F. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi olma ve umut düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [The relation between psychological well-being and hope level considering college students]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
• Xie, X., Liu, H., & Gan, Y. (2011). Belief in a just world when encountering the 5/12 Wenchuan earthquake. Environment and Behavior, 43(4), 566-586.
• Yıldız Akyol, E., & Işık, Ş. (2018). Romantik ilişkilerde umut: Bağlanma stilleri ve olumlu-olumsuz duygu [Hope in romantic relations: Attachment styles and positive-negative affect introduction]. Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 16(2), 139-156.