Aubergine-based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Extraction

Abstract

In this study, an alternative inexpensive and eco-friendly Aubergine (Eggplant)-based biosorbents were synthesized for removing Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ heavy metal ions from the aquatic region. Moreover, how the physical properties and water treatment performance were affected by their corn starch and oil contents were investigated. Their extraction capacity was evaluated by performing Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). ASTM D 792 standard was complied with to calculate biosorbent density. Indeed, the untreated eggplant stalk-based biosorbent adsorbed 5.36 mg of Co2+ ions and 4.99 mg of Ni2+ ions, and 4.84 mg of Cu2+ ions from 25 mL of initial solution that contained 7.00 ppm of each ion for 30 minutes, at room temperature with 175 rpm agitation speed by Eggplant-based biosorbents.

Keywords

• Eggplant-based Biosorbent
• Water treatment
• Heavy metal ions
• Optimum ingredients

Ağır Metal Ekstraksiyonu için Patlıcan Bazlı Biyosorbentler

Öz

Bu araştırmada, çözeltiden Cu2+, Ni2+ ve Co2+ ağır metal iyonlarını uzaklaştırmak için üretilmiş, ucuz ve çevre dostu yeni bir alternatif Patlıcan (Patlıcan) sapı bazlı biyosorbentler geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca mısır nişastası ve yağ içeriğinin yoğunluk, ağır metal ekstraksiyon performansı, su alımı ve çözünürlük gibi fiziksel özellikleri nasıl etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Biyosorbent ekstraksiyon performansının belirlenmesi için kullanılan alevli atomik absorpsiyon spektroskopisi (FAAS). Biyosorbentlerin yoğunluğu ASTM D 792 standartlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, işlenmemiş patlıcan sapı bazlı biyosorbent, 5,36 mg Co2+ iyonlarını, 4,99 mg Ni2+ iyonlarını adsorbe etti. Ayrıca, 4.84 mg Cu2+ iyonları, 25 ml 7 ppm ağır metal iyonu çözeltilerinden, 30 dakika boyunca, oda sıcaklığında, 175 rpm karıştırma hızında, Patlıcan bazlı biyosorbentler ile ekstrakte edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metal iyonları
• Optimum bileşenler
• Su arıtması
• Patlıcan bazlı biyosorbent

Kaynakça

1. M.A.U. Martines L. Caetano, A.D. Santos, P.M. Padilha, and G.R. Castro, “Sediment grain size distribution and heavy metals determination in a dam on the Paraná River at Ilha Solteira, Brazil,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, Vol.44, no 9, pp. 861–865, 2009.
2. M.C.S. Minello, A.L. Pac, R.S.D. Castro, L. Caetano, P.M. Padilha, G. Ferreira, M.A.U. Martines, and G.R. Castro, “Evaluation of heavy metal availability in contaminated sediments from the ilha solteira hydroelectric dam on the parana river at ilha solteira SP, Brazil,” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, Vol. 19, pp. 2210, 2010.
3. N. Abdullah, N. Yusof, W.J. Lau, J. Jaafar, and A.F. Ismail, “Recent trends of heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by membrane technologies,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 76, pp. 17–38, 2019.
4. J.O. Duruibe, M.O.C. Ogwuegbu, and J.N. Egwurugwu, “Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects,” International Journal of Physical Science, Vol. 2, pp. 112–118, 2007.
5. S.O. Lesmana, N., Febriana, F.E, Soetaredjo, J, Sunarso, and S. Ismadji. “Studies on potential applications of biomass for the separation of heavy metals from water and wastewater,” Biochemistry Engineering Journal, Vol. 44, pp. 19–41, 2009.
6. F. Fu, and Q. Wang, “Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review,” Journal of Environment Management, Vol. 92, pp. 407–418, 2011. Environ Res Tec, Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 50–55, March 2022 55
7. D. Purkayastha, U. Mishra, S. Biswas. “A comprehensive review on Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution,” Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol. 2, 105–128, 2014.
8. N.P. Raval, P.U. Shah, and N.K. Shah, “Adsorptive removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous environment: A review,” Journal of Environment Management, Vol. 179, pp. 1–20, 2016.

9. M. Gavrilescu, “Removal of heavy metals from the environment by biosorption,” Engineering Life Science, Vol. 4, 219–232, 2004.
10. C.L. Massocatto, E.C. Paschoal, N. Buzinaro, T.F. Oliveria, C.R.T. Tarley, J. Caetano, A.C. Gonçalves, D.C. Dragunski, and K.M. Diniz, “Preparation and evaluation of kinetics and thermodynamics studies of lead adsorption onto chemically modified banana peels,” Desalination Water Treatment, Vol. 51, 5682– 5691, 2013.
11. J. Anwar, U. Shafique, W. Zaman, M. Salman, A. Dar, and S. Anwar. “Removal of PB (II) and CD (II) from water by adsorption on peels of banana,” Bioresearch Technology, Vol. 101 pp. 1752–1755, 2010.
12. J.R. Memona, S.Q. Memonb, M.I. Bhangera, G.Z. Memonc, A. El-Turki, and G.C. Allend, “Characterization of banana peel by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and its use for cadmium removal,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 66, pp. 260–265, 2008.
13. Q. Yu, and P. Kaewsarn, “Binary adsorption of copper (ii) and cadmium (ii) from aqueous solutions by biomass of marine algadurvillaea potatorum,” Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 34, pp. 1595– 1605, 1999.
14. R. Apiratikul and P. Pavasant, “Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifera,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, 2766– 2777, 2008.
15. F. Özdemir, and D. Ramazanoğlu, “Production of wood-based eco-friendly bioplastic composites using waste banana peel, pepper stalk and red pine wood flour,” Turkish Journal of Forestry, Vol. 20, pp. 267–273, 2019.
16. F. Özdemir, and D. Ramazanoğlu, “Production of bioplastic composite and wood bioplastic composite with starch from different biomasses,” Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Vol. 21, pp. 377–385, 2019.
17. D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, & K.A. Maher, (2022). “Extraction of some heavy metal ions from aquatic solution by banana peel-based biosorbents,” Environmental Research and Technology, 5 (1), 50-55. DOI: 10.35208/ert.1009790.
18. B. B., Mishra, S., Gautam, & A. Sharma, (2012). “Browning of fresh-cut eggplant: Impact of cutting and storage,” Postharvest Biology and Technology, 67, 44–51.
19. X., Yang, J., Sun, F., Cui, J., Ji, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, & X. Sun, (2020). “An eco-friendly sensor based on CQD@MIPs for detection of N-acylated homoserine lactones and its 3D printing applications,” Talanta, 219, 121343.
20. Ichiyanagi, T., Kashiwada, Y., Shida, Y., Ikeshiro, Y., Kaneyuki, T., & Konishi, T. (2005). “Nasunin from Eggplant Consists of Cis−Trans Isomers of Delphinidin 3-[4-(p-Coumaroyl)-l-rhamnosyl (1→6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(24), 9472–9477.
21. M. J., Zaro, A. R., Chaves, A. R., Vicente, & A. Concellón, (2014). “Distribution, stability and fate of phenolic compounds in white and purple eggplants (Solanum melongena L.),” Postharvest Biology and Technology, 92, 70–78.
22. N. Gontard, S. Guilbert, and J.L. Cuq. “Edible wheat gluten films: influence of the main process variables on film properties using response surface methodology,” Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol. 57, pp. 190–195, 1992.
23. ASTM D 792 2004. “Density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastics by displacement, ASTM International,” West Conshohocken, PA.