Telif Hakkını Mülkiyet Olarak Gördüğümüzde Görmediğimiz Şey

Öz

Eser sahiplerinin telif hakkı düzeni içerisindeki asli yerleri hakkındaki tüm söylevlere rağmen, telif hakkı düzenlemeleri aslında onlara çok az güç ve daha az para vermektedir. Aracılar telif haklarına sahip olup; eser sahiplerine yaptıkları ödemeleri azaltırken, kendi gelirlerini en üst düzeye çıkartabilecek şekilde lisansları yapılandırabiliyorlar. Telif hakkı çalışanlar, bu durumu yüzeysel olarak ele almaktadır. Çünkü hukukçular olarak; telif haklarının mülkiyet hakkı olduğunu, mülkiyet haklarının serbest bir şekilde devredilebildiğini ve mülkiyet hakkını devralan kişinin, asıl hak sahibinin yerini aldığını itirazsız kabul ediyoruz. Bu çalışmada, 1710 tarihli kanuni telif haklarını yaratan ve bunları yayımcıların ve matbaacıların elinde toplayan Anne Kanunu (The Statue Of Anne) ile Amerikan Yerlilerinin elinde bulunan toprakların kendilerinden alınmasında kritik bir işlevi olan 1887 tarihli Dawes Kanunu’nu karşılaştırıyorum. Bu iki kanunun hikayesinden aynı ahlaki değeri çıkartıyorum: Bir şeyi serbestçe devredilebilir bir mülkiyet hakkı olarak tesis etmek, çoğu kez zenginlik ve pazarlık gücündeki eşitsizlikleri yansıtan veya şiddetlendiren sonuçlara yol açar. Mülkiyet hakkını çevreleyen hukuki dogma, bunu fark etmememizi kolaylaştırır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Telif Hakkı
• Mülkiyet
• Eser Sahiplerinin Hakları
• Devredilebilirlik
• Dawes Kanunu

What We Don’t See When We See Copyright As Property

Öz

For all of the rhetoric about the central place of authors in the copyright scheme, our copyright laws in fact give them little power and less money. Intermediaries own the copyrights, and are able to structure licenses so as to maximise their own revenue while shrinking their payouts to authors. Copyright scholars have tended to treat this point superficially, because – as lawyers – we take for granted that copyrights are property; property rights are freely alienable; and the grantee of a property right stands in the shoes of the original holder. I compare the 1710 Statute of Anne, which created statutory copyrights and consolidated them in the hands of publishers and printers, with the 1887 Dawes Act, which served a crucial function in the American divestment of Indian land. I draw from the stories of the two laws the same moral: Constituting something as a freely alienable property right will almost always lead to results mirroring or exacerbating disparities in wealth and bargaining power. The legal dogma surrounding property rights makes it easy for us not to notice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Copyright
• Property
• Authors’ Rights
• Alienability
• Dawes Act

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