Uluslararası Barajlar ve Silâhlı Çatışmalar Hukuku

Öz

20. yüzyıl, silâhlı çatışmalar hukukunda ilerici bir gelişmeye tanıklık etmiştir. Silâhlı çatışmalar hukuku, sivillere öncelik vererek daha etik hâle gelmiştir. Sivillere ve mülklerine, 1949'da imzalanan Cenevre Sözleşmeleri ve 1977'de imzalanan Protokolleri ile hem genel hem de özel korumalar verilmiştir. Bu basit sebeple, alan yaygın olarak "uluslararası insancıl hukuk" olarak yeniden adlandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu Protokoller tarafından sağlanan özel korumalardan biri de sivilleri, barajlar ve setlerden veya elektrik üreten nükleer santrallerden salınacak tehlikeli kuvvetlerden korumaktır. Bu makale, özellikle Kahovka barajı hâdisesine odaklanarak, birinci Protokolün 56’ncı maddesi ve ikinci Protokolün 15’inci maddesi tarafından ortaya koyulduğu üzere baraj ve setlerin rejimini analiz edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası hukukta barajlar
• tehlikeli güçlerin salınımı
• I no'lu Cenevre Protokolü
• silâhlı çatışmalarda suyun kullanımı
• Kehovka Barajı

Dams in International Law And The Law Of Armed Conflicts

Öz

20th Century witnessed a progressive development in the law of armed conflicts. The law of armed conflicts has become ethically more conscious by means of prioritising civilians. The civilians and their properties have been given both general and special protections by the Geneva Conventions concluded in 1949 and their Protocols concluded in 1977. Due to this simple fact, the field has widely renamed as “international humanitarian law”. In this respect, one of the special protections provided by the Protocols in question is to protect the civilians from the release of dangerous forces either from dams and dykes or electricity-generating nuclear power stations. This article will analyse the regime of dams and dykes as put forward by the article 56 of the first Protocol as well as the article 15 of second Protocol, focusing on the Kakhovka dam incident.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dams in international law
• release of dangerous forces
• First Protocol of the Geneva Conventions of 1949
• Usage of water in armed conlicts
• Kakhovka Dam

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