Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi Madde 35 (c) Kapsamındaki Boğazlar (Türk Boğazları Hariç)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 1 - 32, 06.09.2025

Deniz Doğan

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (BMDHS)’ne göre, uluslararası seyrüseferde kullanılan boğazlardan temel geçiş rejimi, transit geçiş rejimi olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak Sözleşmenin 35 (c) maddesi uyarınca, geçişlerin yürürlükte olan ve uzun süredir devam eden uluslararası sözleşmelerle tamamen veya kısmen düzenlendiği boğazlarda transit geçiş rejimi ve zararsız geçiş rejimi uygulanmayacaktır. Uluslararası sözleşmelerin önceliğini tanıyan bu hüküm, deniz hukukunun her zaman katı kurallarla değil, tarihsel birikimi ve devletler arasındaki çıkar dengeleri gözeterek şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Bu madde temelinde, kendi özel rejimlerini koruyan ve genel kurallardan sapan az sayıda boğazın varlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, BMDHS’nin 35 (c) maddesi kapsamında bulunan Danimarka, Macellan ve Åland Boğazlarının hukukî statüsünü ve geçiş rejimlerini incelemekte ve hukuki statüsü tartışmalı olan Cebelitarık Boğazı’nı ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi Madde 35 (c) , Danimarka Boğazları , Macellan Boğazı , Åland Boğazı , Cebelitarık Boğazı

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