SAĞLIKTA YEŞİL DÖNÜŞÜM İÇİN POLİTİKA ARAÇLARI VE TEŞVİK MODELLERİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 59 - 74, 29.12.2025

Tuğba Sönal , Canan Bulut

https://doi.org/10.20854/bujse.1834001

Öz

Bu çalışma, sağlık sektörünün iklim değişikliği üzerindeki çevresel etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik politika araçlarını ve teşvik modellerini inceleyerek Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir sağlık sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel doküman analizi yöntemiyle yürütülen araştırmada, Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri, OECD ve Avrupa Komisyonu raporları, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kılavuzları ile Türkiye’ye özgü politika belgeleri sistematik biçimde incelenmiştir. Bulgular, düzenleyici, ekonomik, bilgilendirme-gönüllülük ve yeşil kamu alımları olmak üzere dört temel politika aracı ve sektörel teşvik modelleri çerçevesinde tematik olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışma, enerji verimliliği, dijitalleşme, atık ve su yönetimi ile yeşil ulaşım gibi sürdürülebilirlik uygulamalarının sağlık sektöründe uygulanabilirliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, sağlıkta yeşil dönüşümün sağlanması için yönetsel kararlılık, finansal teşvikler, performansa dayalı finansman ve çok paydaşlı iş birlikleri kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık hizmetlerinde sürdürülebilirlik , iklim değişikliği , yeşil dönüşüm , sağlık politikası , çevresel politika araçları.

POLICY TOOLS AND INCENTIVE MODELS FOR GREEN TRANSFORMATION IN HEALTHCARE

Öz

This study aims to contribute to the development of sustainable healthcare systems in Türkiye by examining policy tools and incentive models designed to mitigate the environmental impacts of the health sector on climate change. Using a qualitative document analysis approach, key international frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, OECD and European Commission reports, WHO guidelines, and Türkiye-specific policy documents were systematically reviewed. Findings were thematically categorized into four main policy instruments—regulatory, economic, informational-voluntary, and green public procurement—and related sectoral incentive mechanisms. The analysis highlights the feasibility of implementing sustainability practices such as energy efficiency, digitalization, waste and water management, and green transportation in healthcare. Based on international best practices, particularly from the UK and Germany, the study emphasizes managerial commitment, financial incentives, performance-based funding, and multi-stakeholder collaboration as essential components for achieving a climate-resilient and sustainable healthcare system in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainable healthcare , climate change , green transition , health policy , environmental policy instruments

Kaynakça

• AdventHealth. (2022). 2022 Sustainability Report: Our Commitment to Wholeness. chromeextension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.adventhealth.com/sit es/default/files/assets/sustainability-consumer-report-2022.pdf BMUV (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and
• Consumer Protection). (2021). Climate-friendly hospitals initiative in Germany. https://www.bmuv.de/
• Boston Medical Center. (2021). Sustainability initiatives at Boston Medical Center. bmc.org/sustainability
• Centrica. (2023). People & planet plan report 2023. https://www.centrica.com/media/inqbe0ip/people-planet-plan-report-2023.pdf
• Clean Energy Wire. (2025). Germany's greenhouse gas emissions and energy transition targets. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/germanys-greenhouse-gasemissions- and-climate-targets
• European Commission. (2016). Buying green! A handbook on green public procurement. Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/ publication/76d67f64-ec76-11e5-8a50-01aa75ed71a1
• European Commission. (2020). A European Green Deal. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europeangreen- deal_en
• European Commission. (2020). A European Green Deal: Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europeangreen- deal_en
• European Commission. (2021). Digital transformation of health and care. https://ec.europa.eu/health/ehealth/home_en
• European Commission. (2021). Green health: Promoting sustainable practices in the healthcare sector. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/greenhealth
• European Commission. (2024). Environment, climate and health. https://research-andinnovation. ec.europa.eu/research-area/health/environment-climate-and-health_en
• Federal Ministry of Health. (2020). Energy efficiency in German hospitals: Incentives and funding models. https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de
• Frontiers in Public Health. (2025). Greening the future of healthcare: implementation of sustainability strategies in German hospitals and beyond—a review. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1559132
• Frontiers in Public Health. (2025). Greening the future of healthcare: implementation of sustainability strategies in German hospitals and beyond—a review. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1559132
• Health Care Without Harm & Arup. (2019). Health care’s climate footprint: How the health sector contributes to the global climate crisis and opportunities for action. Health Care Without Harm. global.noharm.org/resources/health-care-climate-footprint-report
• Health Care Without Harm. (2019). Health care’s climate footprint: How the health sector contributes to the global climate crisis and opportunities for action. https://noharmglobal. org/documents/health-care-climate-footprint-report
• Hitachi India Pvt. Ltd. (2017). Green & Digital Hospital Demonstration Project at AIIMS, New Delhi: implementing energy-saving ICT platform for 30 % energy reduction. social-innovation.hitachi/en-in/case_studies/aiimshospital/
• Hospital Universitario de Torrejón. (2020). Memoria 2020. hospitaldetorrejon.es/wpcontent/ uploads/2022/09/HUT_Memoria-2020.pdf
• Howlett, M. (2005). What is a policy instrument? Policy tools, policy mixes, and policy implementation styles. In Designing public policies: Principles and instruments (pp. 30–50). Routledge.
• Howlett, M., & Rayner, J. (2007). Design principles for policy mixes: Cohesion and coherence in ‘new governance arrangements’. Policy and society, 26(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(07)70118-2
• International Hospital Federation. (2024). Green care: Implementing sustainable practices in healthcare facilities. https://ihf-fih.org/news-insights/green-care-implementingsustainable- practices-in-healthcare-facilities-yel-2024/
• International Hospital Federation. (2024). Green care: Implementing sustainable practices in healthcare facilities. https://ihf-fih.org/news-insights/green-care-implementingsustainable- practices-in-healthcare-facilities-yel-2024/
• Kannan, D., Khademolqorani, S., Janatyan, N., & Alavi, S. (2024). Smart waste management 4.0: The transition from a systematic review to an integrated framework. Waste Management, 174, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.041
• MedTech Europe. (2025). EU Green Deal for Prosperity and Competitiveness. https://www.medtecheurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/eu_green_dealfor-_ prosperity-_and_competitiveness_final_241101.pdf
• Mount Sinai Health System. (2023). 2023 Annual Report of the Department of Medicine. Erişim: reports.mountsinai.org/article/dom2023-chair-message
• NHS England. (2020). Delivering a “Net Zero” National Health Service. https://www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/a-net-zero-nhs/
• OECD. (2017). Green growth indicators 2017. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264268586-en