İTALYAN BEŞ YILDIZ HAREKETİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

İtalyan Beş Yıldız Hareketi Avrupa ve dünya siyaseti açısından ilginç bir vakadır. Temsili demokrasi modellerine karşı çıkan ve internet tabanlı bir doğrudan demokrasi idealine sahip olan hareket, İtalya’da yerel ve genel seçimlerde ciddi bir başarı elde etmiştir. Komedyen ve popüler blog yazarı Beppe Grillo tarafından sanal âlemde kurulan hareket kısa sayılabilecek bir süre içerisinde İtalyan siyasetinde önemli bir siyasal aktör olarak yerini almıştır. Kendini “geleneksel bir siyasal parti” olarak adlandırmayan bu hareket, siyasal yelpazenin farklı kesimlerinden oy almayı başarmış ve daha önce siyasete ilgi duymayan ve aktif katılmayanları siyasal aktivizme yönlendirmiştir. Çevrim içinde Grillo’nun kişisel bloğu etrafında sanal âlemde örgütlenen bu hareket, yine aynı şekilde meetup gibi dijital platformlar kullanarak çevrim dışına ve İtalyan meydanlarına yayılmıştır. İnternet hem örgütsel açıdan önemlidir hem de katılımcı doğrudan demokrasinin uygulanabileceği bir yer olarak görülür. Bu çalışmada İtalyan Beş Yıldız Hareketi’nin kişisel bir blogtan ulusal bir harekete ve siyasal partiye dönüşüm süreci ele alınmaktadır. Sistem ve parti karşıtı söylemi, sıra dışı seçim başarıları ve kendine has örgütsel yapısı hareketi incelenmeye değer kılmaktadır. Dağınık, merkezi olmayan protesto hareketlerinin birleşiminden iktidar partisi olabilmesi, tarihi, lideri, örgütsel yapısı, internetin ve çevrim içi uygulamaların bu süreçteki rolü irdelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beş Yıldız Hareketi (Movimento 5 Stelle-M5S)
• İtalya
• Beppe Grillo
• Avrupa’da siyasal partiler
• İnternet demokrasisi

AN EVALUATION OF THE ITALIAN FIVE STAR MOVEMENT

Öz

The Italian Five Star Movement is an interesting case in terms of European and world politics. The movement, which opposes models of representative democracy and has an ideal of internet-based direct democracy, has achieved serious success in local and general elections in Italy. The movement, founded by the comedian and popular blogger Beppe Grillo in the virtual world, took its place as an important political actor in Italian politics in a short period. This movement, which does not call itself a "traditional political party", managed to get votes from different parts of the political spectrum and directed those who were not interested in politics and did not participate actively before, to political activism. This movement, which was organized online in the virtual world around Grillo's personal blog, was also spread offline and Italian squares by using digital platforms such as meetup. The Internet is both organizationally important and seen as a place where participatory direct democracy can be implemented. In this study, the transformation process of the Italian Five Star Movement from a personal blog to a national movement and a political party is discussed. Its anti-system and anti-party rhetoric, extraordinary electoral successes and unique organizational structure make the movement worth examining. Being a ruling party from the combination of dispersed, decentralized protest movements, its history, leader, organizational structure, the role of the internet and online applications in this process are examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Five Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle-M5S)
• Italy
• Beppe Grillo
• Political parties in Europe
• internet democracy.

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