TÜRKİYE’DE ÖLÜMLE SONUÇLANAN İNTİHAR VAKALARININ SOSYODEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 2002 ve 2022 yılları arasında Türkiye’de intihara bağlı olarak meydana gelen ölümler; yaş grubu, eğitim düzeyi ve medeni durum gibi sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca intihar nedenleri ve yöntemlerine de yer verilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılan veriler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun resmi internet sitesinde yer alan ve araştırma amaçlı kullanımına izin verilen veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 2002 ve 2022 yılları arasında Türkiye’de intihara bağlı ölüm sayılarının yıllar içerisinde arttığı; 15 yaş altı ölümler hariç, tüm yaş gruplarında erkeklerin intihara bağlı ölüm oranlarının kadınlardan yüksek olduğu bulgusu tespit edilmiştir. Eğitim durumu açısından incelendiğinde, 2019 yılına kadar eğitim seviyesi ilkokul olan grubun intihar sonucu ölüm sayısının en yüksek olduğu, ancak 2019 yılından itibaren durumun değiştiği ve son dört yıldır eğitim düzeyi lise ve dengi seviyede bulunan bireylerin risk grubunda yer aldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, yaş ilerledikçe ölüm sayıları azalmakla birlikte, 75 yaş ve üstü grupta ölüm sayılarında bir artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Medeni durum açısından incelendiğinde, evli bireylerin 2002-2022 yılları arasında tüm yıllarda en riskli grup olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte hastalık, aile içi uyuşmazlıklar ve maddi geçim zorluklarının en yaygın intihar nedenlerinden olduğu görülmüştür. İntihar oranları, nüfusun psikososyal refahının makro bir göstergesi ve intiharı önleme stratejilerinin etkinliğinin bir değerlendirme kriteridir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları intiharın özellikle gençler arasında, ölüm nedenleri içerisinde yer alan önemli bir unsur olduğuna işaret etmektedir. İntiharın sosyal belirleyicilerindeki değişen kalıpları inceleyen bu çalışmanın, intiharı önleme politikalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İntihar
• İntihar nedenleri
• İntihar yöntemleri
• Psikososyal faktörler

EXAMINATION OF FATAL SUICIDE CASES IN TURKEY IN TERMS OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Öz

In this study, it was examined the deaths due to suicide in Turkey between 2002 and 2022 in terms of sociodemographic variables such as age group, education level and marital status. In addition, the causes and methods of suicide were also included in the study. The data used within the scope of the study were obtained from the database on the official website of the Turkish Statistical Institute, which is allowed to be used for research purposes. Within the scope of the study, between 2002 and 2022, the number of suicide-related deaths in Turkey increased over the years. Except for deaths under the age of 15, it was found that suicide-related mortality rates of men were higher than women in all age groups. When examined in terms of educational status, it was seen that the number of deaths by suicide was the highest in the group whose education level was primary school until 2019. Still, the situation has changed since 2019, and individuals whose education level has been at high school and equivalent level for the last four years are at risk. In addition, it was determined that the number of deaths decreased with age, but there was an increase again in the 75 and over age group. When examined in terms of marital status, it was determined that married individuals were the most risky group in all years between 2002 and 2022. However, illness, parental discord and economic difficulties are the most common causes of suicide. Suicide rates are a macro indicator of the psychosocial well-being of the population and an evaluation criterion of the effectiveness of suicide prevention strategies. The findings of this study indicate that suicide is an important factor among the causes of death, especially among young people. It is thought that this study, which examines the changing patterns in the social determinants of suicide, will contribute to suicide prevention policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Suicide
• Causes of suicide
• Methods of suicide
• Psychosocial factors

Kaynakça

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