A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MODERN CIMBASSO AND THE INSTRUMENTS CALLED CIMBASSO IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Öz

Cimbasso, a member of the family of brass instruments with a bass character, is one of the instruments that emerged with the invention of the valve system. Its origin dates back to the instrument called “serpent”, which emerged in the 16th century. Although it has an "S"-shaped wooden body, the serpent, which is classified as a member of the brass instrument family, underwent a major structural change in the late 18th century. These instruments, produced under different names and models, were actively used in military and civilian bands, opera and symphony orchestras. Each instrument aims to solve the problems of the previous model and was produced with a focus on the bass sounds in orchestras that are being renewed and expanded. The name cimbasso, which was used to describe brass instruments with a bass character in 19th century Italy, turned into a term describing only one instrument today, with Verdi's initiatives in 1881. In this study prepared with a qualitative research method, the origins, structural features and usage areas of the instruments called cimbasso are examined and how the modern cimbasso instrument emerged is discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cimbasso
• wind instruments
• bass brass instruments
• valve system
• 19th century
• orchestra

MODERN CİMBASSO VE 19. YÜZYILDA CİMBASSO OLARAK ADLANDIRILAN ÇALGILARA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Öz

Bas karakterli bakır çalgılar ailesinin bir üyesi olan “cimbasso”, valf sisteminin bulunması ile ortaya çıkmış çalgılardandır. Kökeni, 16. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış olan “serpent” adındaki çalgıya kadar uzanmaktadır. “S” şeklinde ahşap bir gövdeye sahip olmasına rağmen bakır çalgılar ailesinin bir üyesi olarak sınıflandırılan serpent, 18. yüzyılın sonlarına gelindiğinde yapısal olarak büyük bir değişikliğe uğramıştır. Farklı isim ve modellerde üretilen bu çalgılar askeri ve sivil bandolarda, opera ve senfoni orkestralarında aktif olarak kullanılmıştır. Her bir çalgı bir önceki modelin sorunlarını gidermeyi amaçlamış, yenilenmekte ve genişlemekte olan orkestralardaki bas seslerine çözüm odaklı üretilmişlerdir. 19. yüzyıl İtalya’sında bas karakterli bakır çalgıları tanımlamak için kullanılan cimbasso adı, Verdi’nin 1881 yılındaki girişimleri ile günümüzde sadece bir çalgıyı tanımlayan bir terime dönüşmüştür. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanan bu çalışmada, cimbasso olarak adlandırılan çalgıların kökenleri, yapısal özellikleri ve kullanım alanları incelenmiş, modern cimbasso çalgısının nasıl ortaya çıktığı ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cimbasso
• üflemeli çalgılar
• bas bakır çalgılar
• valf sistemi
• 19. yüzyıl
• orkestra

Kaynakça

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