YOKSULLUK ÇALIŞMALARINDA HANE/AİLE STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR TARTIŞMA

Öz

Hane ve aile, yoksulluğun yönetilmesinde en önemli birimlerdir. Hane ve aile stratejileri, geçim, başa çıkma, hayatta kalma, uyum sağlama gibi yoksullukla mücadele edilirken ulaşılmak istenen amacı niteleyen farklı kullanımlarla karşımıza çıkar. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal politika ve yoksulluk çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan hane stratejileri ve aile stratejileri kavramlarının incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada hane stratejisi ve aile stratejisi kavramlarının güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ele alınmış ve bu kavramlarının yoksulluk araştırmaları için önemi tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında hane ve ailenin farklı tanımlarına değinilmiştir. Her ne kadar hane ve aile arasında kavramsal farklılar bulunsa da hane stratejileri ve aile stratejilerinin benzer hayatta kalma ve geçim çabalarını içerdiği görülmektedir. Hanenin ve ailenin yoksulluk karşısında bireyin ayakta kalması için önemine rağmen, bu birimlerin toplumsal cinsiyet ve yaş başta olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle eşitsiz güç ilişkilerini içerdiği bilinmektedir. Bu eşitsizliklere rağmen hane ve aile üyelerinin bir arada kalarak stratejiler oluşturdukları görülür. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmı strateji kavramına ve bu kavramın yoksulluk çalışmalarında kullanımı üzerine yapılan tartışmalara odaklanmıştır. Hane ve aile birimlerinin strateji analizinde kullanılması, yoksulluk karşısında bireyi aşan kararlar ve eylemlerin anlaşılmasına olanak sağlar. Strateji analizi hanelerin ve ailelerin koşullarını dönüştürme yetisine önem veren bir analiz şekli olması nedeniyle yoksulluk literatürü için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hane stratejisi
• Aile stratejisi
• “Kaynakların yoksulluğu”
• “Dayanışmacı çatışma”
• Yoksulluk çalışmaları

A CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION ON HOUSEHOLD/FAMILY STRATEGIES IN POVERTY STUDIES

Öz

Household and family are critical units in coping with poverty. Different terms, such as livelihood, coping, survival, and adaptation, are used interchangeably to refer to the same activities to deal with poverty at the household level. This study aims to examine the concepts of household strategies and family strategies that are frequently used in social policy and poverty studies. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses of household strategy and family strategy concepts were discussed, and the importance of these concepts for poverty studies is discussed. Moreover, the opportunities provided by household and family units in the analysis of strategies to understand the decisions and actions going beyond the individual against poverty are elaborated. In the first part of the study, different definitions of household and family are elaborated. Although there are conceptual differences between household and family, household strategies and family strategies appear to involve similar survival and livelihood efforts. In the first of the study, it is elaborated that despite the importance of the household and the family for the survival of the individual against poverty, it is known that these units contain unequal power relations with the effect of various factors, especially gender and age. Despite these inequalities, the literature analyses the conditions and limitations of how people and family members stay together and form strategies are discussed. The second part of the study focuses on strategy and discussions on its use in poverty studies. By using household and family units in strategy analysis, decisions and actions beyond the individual can be understood. Strategy analysis is essential for the poverty literature as it is a form of analysis that emphasizes households and families' ability to transform their conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Household strategy
• Family strategy
• Poverty of Resources
• Cooperative Conflict
• Poverty studies

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