Araştırma Makalesi

THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS

Sayı: 22 21 Ekim 2021
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THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS

Öz

This paper aims to identify the antiquities of Ottoman Cyprus taken abroad with or without permits, focussing upon the activities of the Cesnola brothers and the efforts of the Ottoman state to obstruct them in these activities. This article employs both the wide range of research literature on this subject, including Cesnola’s extensive writings and documents from the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archives, thereby presenting the Ottoman position on the Cesnola brothers’ activities. General Palma di Cesnola, who served as American envoy between the years 1865-1876 and Russian envoy for part of his stay, became interested in the historical heritage of the island of Cyprus upon his arrival. The Ottoman governor of the island, who had suspicions about his removal of the artefacts from the island, tried to obstruct him. Overcoming these obstructions with his diplomatic position, Cesnola managed to avoid the Governor’s efforts. Initially, he visited numerous European capitals to market these antiquities of the historical heritage of the island. Later he contacted American Museums and reached an agreement with the Metropolitan Museum, where later, his position as a trustee and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Museum was facilitated with these antiquities from Cyprus. When he had to depart to take the antiquities out of the island, he invited his brother Alexander Cesnola to continue his work. Following the footsteps of his brother, Alexander Cesnola supervised the excavations and took artefacts abroad. In 1878 with the British taking over the governing of the island, he had problems obtaining excavation permits from the new administration. These developments led to the departure of Alexander Cesnola from the island.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. AKIN, Nur (1993), “Osman Hamdi Bey, Asar-ı Atika Nizamnamesi ve Dönemin Koruma Anlayışı Üzerine, Tarihi Çevre Koruma ve Restorasyon Üzerine Yazılar”, Osman Hamdi Bey ve Dönemi, Sempozyum 17-18 Aralık 1992, Istanbul, Tarih Vakfı Press, pp. 233-239.
  2. ALASYA, Halil Fikret (1964), Kıbrıs Tarihi ve Kıbrısta Türk Eserleri, Ankara, Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  3. AYAR, Mesut (2012), “XIX. Yüzyılın İkinci Yarısında Tuzla (Larnaka): Ticaret, Ticaret Mahkemesi ve Konsolosluklar”, History of Ottoman Larnaca, Ed. E. Balta - T. Stavrides - I. Theocharides, Istanbul, Isis Press, pp. 347-380.
  4. AYDIN, Suavi (2007), “Batılılaşma Karşısında Arkeoloji ve Klasik Çağ Araştırmaları”, Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, Modernleşme ve Batıcılık, III, Istanbul, İletişim Press, pp. 403-427.
  5. cesnola, L.P. di (1876), “Cesnola’s (General di) Explorations in Cyprus”, Academy, X (November 25 1876), pp.522-523.
  6. cesnola, Louis Palma di, (1877), Cyprus, Its Ancient Cities, Tombs and Temples A Narrative of Researches and Excavations During Ten Years’ Residence as American Consul in That Island, London, Bradbury, Agnew&Co. Printers.
  7. cesnola, Alexander Palma di (1884), Salamanca (Cyprus) The History, Treasures, & Antiquities of Salamis in the Island of Cyprus, London, Whiting&Co. Limited.
  8. CEZAR, Mustafa (1995), Sanatta Batıya Açılış ve Osman Hamdi, I, Istanbul, Erol Kerim Aksoy Kü̈ltür, Eğitim, Spor ve Sağlık Vakfı Press.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Arkeoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Ekim 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2021

Kabul Tarihi

13 Temmuz 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çelik, C. (2021). THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 265-296. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.945630
AMA
1.Çelik C. THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS. BUSBED. 2021;(22):265-296. doi:10.29029/busbed.945630
Chicago
Çelik, Cemil. 2021. “THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy 22: 265-96. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.945630.
EndNote
Çelik C (01 Ekim 2021) THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 22 265–296.
IEEE
[1]C. Çelik, “THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS”, BUSBED, sy 22, ss. 265–296, Eki. 2021, doi: 10.29029/busbed.945630.
ISNAD
Çelik, Cemil. “THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 22 (01 Ekim 2021): 265-296. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.945630.
JAMA
1.Çelik C. THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS. BUSBED. 2021;:265–296.
MLA
Çelik, Cemil. “THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy 22, Ekim 2021, ss. 265-96, doi:10.29029/busbed.945630.
Vancouver
1.Cemil Çelik. THE AMERICAN CONSUL CESNOLA BROTHERS AND THE FATE OF ANTIQUITIES IN OTTOMAN CYPRUS. BUSBED. 01 Ekim 2021;(22):265-96. doi:10.29029/busbed.945630

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